This is my Day 6 letter in our Twelve Days For Justice series opposing Judge Alito. It was my hope to write a sincere letter rather than a legal brief, so did not cite any cases.
If you want to verify his opinions here is a summary of Alito’s 3rd Circuit religion decisions provided by Professor Howard Friedman of the University of Toledo College of Law. This link will take you to his page of links to each case. My letter for day 6 follows this list. Please alter as you wish.
Click here for members of the Judiciary Committee, and click here for your senators.
Child Evangelism Fellowship of N.J., Inc. v. Stafford Twp. Sch. Dist., 386 F.3d 514 (October 15, 2004) OVERVIEW: Preliminary injunction properly ordered a school district to treat a child evangelism group like other community groups with regard to distribution of literature; group was likely to succeed on viewpoint discrimination claim under Free Speech Clause.
Blackhawk v. Pennsylvania, 381 F.3d 202 (August 20, 2004) OVERVIEW: Native American’s free exercise rights were violated when he was denied a religious exemption from permit fees required because he owned two black bears. The fee regime’s provisions were underinclusive and thus not generally applicable.
Fraise v. Terhune, 283 F.3d 506 (March 13, 2002) OVERVIEW: New Jersey prison policy that allowed correctional officials to designate “security threat groups” (STGs) did not violate equal protection in view of greater propensity for violence demonstrated by members of the STG.
Abramson v. William Paterson College, 260 F.3d 265, August 3, 2001, Concurrence by Alito, J. OVERVIEW: In religious discrimination suit, appellate court reversed summary judgment for the employer because the employee established a prima facie case for hostile work environment, religious discrimination, and retaliation.
ACLU-NJ v. Township of Wall, 246 F.3d 258 (April 3, 2001) OVERVIEW: Taxpayer plaintiffs failed to establish standing in their First Amendment holiday display claim where the record established that both the nativity display and the menorah at issue were donated to defendant Township.
Saxe v. State College Area Sch. Dist., 240 F.3d 200 (February 14, 2001) OVERVIEW: Public school district’s student-on-student anti-harassment policy was unconstitutionally overbroad because it prohibited non-vulgar, non-sponsored student speech and did not satisfy the Tinker substantial disruption test.
C.H. v. Olivia, 226 F.3d 198 (August 28, 2000), cert. denied June 18, 2001. Dissent by Alito, J. OVERVIEW of majority opinion: Where it was not alleged that the removal of a student’s poster occurred as a result of any school policy against the exhibition of religious material, judgment for school officials was remanded to allow plaintiff to amend her complaint.
FOP Newark Lodge No. 12 v. City of Newark, 170 F.3d 359 (March 3, 1999) cert. denied October 4, 1999. OVERVIEW: Police department’s policy, which prohibited beards, was found to be in violation of the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment because it refused to make exemptions for religious reasons, even though medical exemptions were made.
ACLU NJ v. Schundler, 168 F.3d 92 (February 16, 1999) OVERVIEW: A city’s display of predominantly religious symbols in holiday display was unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause; however, addition of secular and cultural symbols diluted the display’s message of endorsement of religion.
Edwards v. California Univ. of Pa., 156 F.3d 488 (August 10, 1998). cert. denied February 22, 1999. OVERVIEW: University professor did not have First Amendment right to choose classroom materials and subjects in contravention of university’s dictates, and his suspension with pay did not violate procedural due process where he was not deprived of employment.
Dear Senator:
Samuel Alito wants to become the fifth Roman Catholic on our Supreme Court. Chosen by a president who believes himself an instrument of God, Alito’s ascension to the Supreme Court would jeopardize the predominance of our Constitution.
Threatened by the religious right over his nomination of Harriet Miers, President Bush selected their preferred choice. This nomination has been applauded by Christian fundamentalists who fear a loss of their power.
Pat Robertson said he “can see the majority shifted on the court, instead of 4 to 5 against the Lord, going 5 to 4 in His favor.” Television ads placed by religious groups hail Alito as a savior and protector against evil forces such as “The ACLU’s attempt to scrub away our religious heritage.”
Every decision by Judge Alito has favored the public display and proselytizing of the religious. He has indicated in meetings with Senators that he believes the Court has gone too far in separating church and state.
I would suggest two questions for Judge Alito:
Do you agree with Associate Justice Scalia that the Constitution permits “disregard of polytheists and believers in unconcerned deities, just as it permits the disregard of devout atheists?”
Do you agree with Thomas Jefferson’s discussion of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom when he said: “The proposal to insert “Jesus Christ” was rejected by a great majority in proof that they meant to comprehend, within the mantle of its protection, the Jew and the Gentile, The Christian and Mahometan, the Hindoo, and infidel of every denomination.”
America was never a nation of Christians, though they hold the majority. The Puritans began by outlawing religious practices of the native peoples. Too many American Christians feel entitled to dominion over people who view the world differently. I don’t want my country to become a fundamentalist-dominated theocracy like a middle-eastern nation.
While I don’t know how Judge Alito would rule in first amendment cases, I do fear that he will be unduly influenced by fanatical fundamentalists, powerful politicians, corporate masters and the Pope in his decisions.
Our Constitution deliberately avoids mention of God. We depend upon the Supreme Court as the last bastion of hope for the protection of an individual’s rights. Please don’t let it become dominated by a group of men who share a religious viewpoint.
Thank you for your consideration of this matter.
Thank you Alice for taking this on.
The issue of “religion” feels to me like the other half of the curtain that hides Alito’s danger to us. Roe v. Wade is the other.
These two areas of law are so very important. And I don’t mean to minimize their importance. It is their use as rallying cries by those in power that makes me think of cutains hiding the real intent of having Alito on the court.
What keeps coming to mind is pre-election time, the autumn of ’04. I would drive by a home that had a professional designed “Bush-Cheney” sign right beside the hand-painted “Rabbits 4 Sale” sign.
I can imagine how those folks are struggling. And yet “religion” and “abortion” can be used to get them to support someone who will do them harm.
And Alito…he grew up in Trenton, NJ, a working city. There used to be a sign, “Trenton Makes and the World Takes.” Maufacturing jobs were the allure for many.
I grew up in a similar kind of city. Not elegant, not clean – a place that immigrants came because there was work. There were attempts to unionize and strikes.
And the celebration when John Kennedy was elected president – a Catholic president! Why? In part, because Catholics were a minority, minimalized.
How did Alito end up this way? How can he have no empathy for others? A mystery to me.
I really like both quotes you have included in your letter.
Thanks for the link to the reference.
Well done.
This is a very nice letter, Alice. And wow, is there a lot of frightening information about Alito’s record on the issues related to religion.
As I have no idea what your second letter will contain, all I can offer is this: The issue that is possibly not addressed here is the great extent to which early settlements in this country were done by persons who had experienced religious perscution for the particular forms of their beliefs. At present, there seems to be a push in this country for a particular type of religion. I wonder what the early Quakers and Lutherans of Pennsylvania would have thought of this? Or the Catholics who settled in Maryland? Or the Baptists, French Huguenots and Jews who took refuge in Rhode Island? Part of the genius of the Constitution’s authors was that they allowed for many voices in and out of religion to be heard, but specifically excluding primacy of any one group, via among other things, not laying any religion as the official party of the state. Some clearly wanted that to happen, but wiser voices prevailed.
I suspect from Alito’s positions, that he would support whatever the power structure put into place at a deep (e.g. federal) level, in a very authoritarian fashion.
Great letter, Alice. I’m copying, printing, and faxing it today.
Fantastic appeal Alice.
You’ve captured and expressed the disturbing consequences of a Supreme Court tilted or skewed toward religeous, fanatical facsism.
The letter is great Alice. I agree that not everything should look like a legal brief. We are trying to appeal to a broad range of differetn people, and that is why a broad rang of different writers with different ideas.
I am going to be doing a few things today and I’ll help put this out later on. Just doing a drive shout out to let people know. Apparently some nut spends a half a million dollars on a Christmas light show every year near my sisters house so we will be down visiting her and checking that out.
go alice! i’ll definitely get dembloggers – where else does this still need to go?
p.s. here is some fun addtitional info:
http://cedwyn.blogspot.com/2005/11/we-knew-it-was-coming.html
lots of juicy details about the party the dominionists are throwing over this nomination.
it’s up at mydd and epluribusmedia now.
connecticut man – your day 2 diary is still up at political cortex and on the reco list. howzabout just editing it with the new diary info?
just got back… I’m on it.
i.e., turn it into the latest one. but i guess it doesn’t much matter – we’re really the only ones who know it’s not day 2 anymore.
; )
I added all of the diries to the comments there in the one on the recommended list. I also am going to link to that recommended diary from the one they still have on the front page.
We really should have a “single diary” like that which includes all of the material from each 12 Days of Justices at the end. In it we can include the names of every single person that has participated going back to the very first Tampopo diary that started all of this.
It will also make a great reference diary for everyone.
I wonder if the people out there that read these diaries (hopefully? lol) realize just how many people are working on all of this?
Look through the diaries at all the names that pop up helping out in all of the comments… And then add in all the other people at other communities that are kicking in.
Hey C Man – why, we’re creating a “work of heart!”
It is quite a resource. I am going to print all the diaries on spiffy paper and make books to handout to folks between the 23rd and Jan. 9th. (With senate contact info)
are you linking to the new letters in your diary? it’d be really good if all the diary authors could do this to make sure all the diaries are in all the diaries.
: p
hell, that suggestion should be in all the diaries, too!
that needs to be in 27, 8 x 10 colored glossy, with circles and the arrows and this paragraph on the back of each one:
The author of our first day’s letter had a brilliant idea: tampopo is printing these up to hand out as booklets to people! How’s that for an action item!?
Moving on with today’s diary action item…blahblahbblah
or something.
but seriously – that suggestion should accompany everything pur out in this effort.
Glad you liked the book idea.
I’ve been linking the first diary to each of the others and added this: ” Continuing Action: After the Diary for Day 12 is available, print them all and make books to handout from Dec. 23rd to Jan. 9.”
At Howard-Empowered People, we have been talking about wanting to have action items to focus on, and I’d like to add something about the 12 days of Justice to our sidebar. Is there any one post to link people to as a starting point? My impression is that this is a cross-blog effort with a number of people writing diaries, but it would be spiffy if there was a link I could put in the sidebar that wouldn’t need to keep changing.
http://www.boomantribune.com/story/2005/12/15/163156/40
by steven D – it’s got a nice introduction to the whole project.
also, maneagee’s from yesterday has neatly organized the previous diaries. maybe steven D could be prodded to update his diary with all the current stories?
paging steven d, paging steven d…
Thanks. I’ve got something up now. Need to write something about it for my front page, but first I’ve got to bake these cookies I’ve been mixing on and off for the past half hour. 😉
Thank you for doing that!
If you want to, take any of the material that you have read and cut and paste it. This is about awareness and taking action.
i also have a blog that is specifically for action items:
http://actionalert.blogspot.com/
if you shoot me your email address, i can invite you to post items there.
I updated the one at Political Cortex to day 6
be sure not to miss tampopo’s brilliant action idea!
should be an honorary day:
http://www.politicalcortex.com/story/2005/12/13/115716/20
it discusses how alito apparrently refused to meet with the congressional black caucus. CAP, anyone?
Who was it that wrote that excellent diary on this subject at dKos? Troutfish? I was thinking maybe, if they would allow we could somehow adapt it into a reason and a letter? Or just rip it into the cause as is? If the author was interested and agrred, of course?
What do you think Cedwyn?
This diary by troutfishing… All it would need is a little letter to add to it, or just some minor alterations and BOOM instant diary.
Do you think troutfishing would be willing to rewrite it and we can add it as day seven?
It also gives us a new cause to add to the list…
Americans United for Seperation of Church and State
from a letter I wrote to the Miami Herlad, published immediately before the ’04 election (I hope it is a useful contribution to this thread. I am also posting it in day 7, freedom of religion):
The Establishment of Religion
The Supreme Court of the United States will undergo significant changes in the next few years. Two of the Justices, including the Chief Justice, are 80 or older, and two are over 70. Two of the youngest members are Justice Scalia and Justice Thomas, and Justice Scalia has been mentioned by many as a candidate to replace Chief Justice Rehnquist on his retirement. A new Supreme Court will soon begin to consider issue of significance to all Americans, including the role of religion in our public lives. This term the Court agreed to hear a case considering the public display of the Ten Commandments. This decisions, and many others, will be decided based upon the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution. It is, therefore, of interest to consider how a new Court might rule on such issues.
The First Amendment, in relevant part, states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof….”
The Fourteenth Amendment, in relevant part, states, “*No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; ….”
The issue, then is the meaning of the First Amendment, and its application to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment. To date, the Court has applied the Establishment Clause through the Fourteenth Amendment, prohibiting the establishment of state religions, particularly in cases related to school prayer, graduation day prayers, and the Pledge of Allegiance. Justice Thomas and Justice Scalia, in different opinions, have suggested a different conclusion, a conclusion that would permit individual States to establish public religions, and to delegate state authority to churches.
Lee v. Weisman
In a dissenting opinion in Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577, 112 S.Ct. 2649, 120 L.Ed.2d 467 (1992), Justice Scalia castigated the majority of the Court for deciding its opinion in a graduation prayer case on the psychology of coercion rather than history. The majority decision found that a graduation prayer was coercive, as students attending graduation were required to stand and either join the prayer or remain silent. The Court considered evidence of psychological that this created a coercive atmosphere violative of the Establishment Clause. Justice Scalia ridiculed the Court’s decision, stating “[a]s its instrument of destruction, the bulldozer of its social engineering, the Court invents a boundless, and boundlessly manipulable, test of psychological coercion….” He went on to state “interior decorating is a rock-hard science compared to psychology practiced by amateurs. A few citations of ‘research in psychology’ that have no particular bearing upon the precise issue here cannot disguise the fact that the Court has gone beyond the realm where judges know what they are doing.”
Having first ridiculed the majority’s decision, Justice Scalia turned next to the Establishment Clause. “The Establishment Clause,” he wrote, “was adopted to prohibit such an establishment of religion at the federal level (and to protect state establishments of religion from federal interference).” The import of the last statement might well be hidden by its location in a parenthetical statement, but it can not be underestimated, for it is the heart of Justice Scalia’s opinion. His final position is that States are free to establish official religions. Further, he would only limit such establishment to prohibit actual coercion, “acts backed by threat of penalty” by the State government. In other words, short of statutory punishment, such as imprisonment or fine, a State could establish an official religion, and delegate to it official state functions. Justice Scalia went on, arguing on behalf of public and institutional prayer. He wrote “[c]hurch and state would not be such a difficult subject if religion were, as the Court apparently thinks it to be, some purely personal avocation that can be indulged, entirely in secret, like pornography, in the privacy of one’s own room. For most believers it is not that, and has never been. Religious men and women of almost all denominations have felt it necessary to acknowledge and beseech the blessing of God as a people, and not just as individuals.” While, on its face, this argument has validity, combined with the establishment of an official State religion it legitimizes public devotion, not at individual churches or synagogues, but at public institutions and events.
Elk Grove
Justice Thomas built on Justice Scalia’s Lee dissenting opinion in his own dissent in Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, No. 02-1624. Argued March 24, 2004–Decided June 14, 2004, the recent Pledge of Allegiance “Under God” case. He introduced his opinion stating “I would take this opportunity to begin the process of rethinking the Establishment Clause.” He wrote that he accepted the Free Exercise Clause as applied against the States through the Fourteenth Amendment, but “the Establishment Clause is another matter,” and “it makes little sense to incorporate the Establishment Clause.” Justice Thomas opined that the Establishment Clause protects only the States, and not individual rights. “[T]he Establishment Clause,” he wrote, “is best understood as a federalism provision–it protects state establishments from federal interference but does not protect any individual rights.”
Justice Thomas went on to discuss exactly what he meant by “state establishments,” describing official endorsement of a particular religion throughout State governmental authority. He began where Justice Scalia left off, discussing legal coercion, and finding (inconsistently with his thesis, that the Establishment Clause simply does not apply to States) that coercion through force of law and threat of penalty remained prohibited. However, he went on to state, there were other ways for a State to establish a religion without coercion. He wrote “[i]t is also conceivable that a government could ‘establish’ a religion by imbuing it with governmental authority, or by delegating its civic authority to a group chosen according to a religious criterion.” This opinion is disturbing for two reasons. First, it encourages official public endorsement of, and delegation of authority to, an individual religion. Second, and even more pernicious, the internal illogic hints that Justice Thomas’ limitation against coercion is a temporary public sop, promising religion without Inquisition. However, if his opinion is accepted at face value, the Establishment Clause simply does not apply to states, and therefore contains no limitations. Individuals might remain protected by the Free Exercise Clause, indeed that might have been Justice Thomas’ point, but his opinion as written does not state that.
Conclusion
The Supreme Court will consider issues of great importance to all Americans. In the next few years, the Court will address issues of religion and State’s establishment of religion, handing down decisions that will affect us for at least a generation. These cases could be of particular import to any member of a religious minority, be they Jewish, Moslem, Hindu, or even a non-Protestant Christian. At least two present Justices interpret the Constitution to allow, not only official State endorsement of religion, but actual delegation of governmental authority to official churches. This conclusion is derived directly from the writings, in Court opinions, of Justices Scalia and Thomas, and portends one possible future for our country.
Thank you dhonig! Every contribution is well appreciated and this effort deserves plenty of 4s!
This letter you have written is a diary all on it’s own, in the same spirit as all of the diaries that are up for this effort.
Thank you again!!!