Right about now seems like the right time to contend with the following analysis from Tom Engelhardt:
Despite the several thousand Americans who died on September 11, 2001, the dangers of terrorism rate above shark attacks but not much else in American life. Even more remarkably, the national security state has been built on a foundation of almost total failure. Think of failure, in fact, as the spark that repeatedly sets the further expansion of its apparatus in motion, funds it, and allows it to thrive.
It works something like this: start with the fact that, on September 10, 2001, global jihadism was a microscopic movement on this planet. Since 9/11, under the pressure of American military power, it has exploded geographically, while the number of jihadist organizations has multiplied, and the number of people joining such groups has regularly and repeatedly increased, a growth rate that seems to correlate with the efforts of Washington to destroy terrorism and its infrastructure. In other words, the Global War on Terror has been and remains a global war for the production of terror. And terror groups know it.
It was Osama bin Laden’s greatest insight and is now a commonplace that drawing Washington into military action against you increases your credibility in the world that matters to you and so makes recruiting easier. At the same time, American actions, from invasions to drone strikes, and their “collateral damage,” create pools of people desperate for revenge. If you want to thrive and grow, in other words, you need the U.S. as an enemy. … This has, in other words, proved to be a deeply symbiotic and mutually profitable relationship.
From the point of view of the national security state, each failure, each little disaster, acts as another shot of fear in the American body politic, and the response to failure is predictable: never less of what doesn’t work, but more. More money, more bodies hired, more new outfits formed, more elaborate defenses, more offensive weaponry. Each failure with its accompanying jolt of fear (and often hysteria) predictably results in further funding for the national security state to develop newer, even more elaborate versions of what it’s been doing these last 13 years. Failure, in other words, is the key to success.
There’s something about this analysis that seems too pat. For example, U.S. policies have no doubt been a catalyst for the seismic shifts in Arab countries over the last decade, but they don’t fully explain them. Nor is it clear that all of this discord could have been avoided somehow simply by small changes in this country’s foreign relations that would have been unambiguously positive. Trying to unravel America’s postwar role in the Arabian peninsula and figure out which parts were unnecessarily obnoxious and disrespectful and which parts were sound geopolitical and economic strategies isn’t a straightforward endeavor.
It’s too simple to explain the rise in jihadism as a product of the effort to tamp down jihadism.
Having said that, it’s a problem that the bulk of Engelhardt’s analysis seems to be unassailable.
Failure never leads to a reevaluation, but always to a doubling or tripling down. And we’ve reached the point where this ferris wheel will spin on forever until it gathers enough speed that the whole thing flies off into pieces.
At some point, we need to say, “Stop the War on Terror, we want to get off.”
Step one: admitting failure.
Agree with you that Englehardt is wrong in totally blaming the spread of global terrorism on US engagement. If we look at the main affiliates of AQ that have been active over the past decade along with the rise of IS, I can only point to Yemen where direct US action has been the primary catalyst to strengthening AQAP. The situations in Iraq and Libya I would label as indirect but far from the primary cause. With Syria, I don’t buy the counter-factuals that arming the rebels earlier or other types of direct intervention would have led to more preferable outcome.
With Yemen, the drone program has been horrendous compared to its counterparts in Pakistan (post 2011?) and Somalia. There we’ve been manipulated into taking out political rivals. We’ve also mistakenly killed individuals that would otherwise have helped stabilize that country. Continuing civilian casualties have swollen AQAP’s ranks and provided safe haven.
I put a considerable amount of blame for Iraq and IS’ rise at Maliki’s feet. We did help in his rise to power so our hands are definitely not clean but his sectarian policies and mass corruption along with Iranian backed militias are the primary cause. Any claims that we could have stayed are ahistorical from what I’ve read.
We were part of the coalition that brought down Gaddafi but similar to Syria it’s become a proxy war with Qatar and Turkey supporting Islamist/jihadist militias on one side and Saudia Arabia, UAE, and Egypt supporting authoritarian actors on the other.
You could also mention Mali of which the Libya intervention had a role but they were as much a problem before as they are now imo just in a different location. Boko Haram in Nigeria is another and we do have a military relationship with them (until recently) but I can’t remotely speak intelligently on that situation.
As for getting completely out of the anti-terrorism business, I’m not sure if that’s possible. Terrorism still is a legitimate threat to the west and the humanitarian atrocities are too big to ignore in circumstances where minimalist approaches can achieve results.
The contradiction between US values and US policies in the post-colonial post-World War II environment of global politics is one of the factors driving this chaos. US preferences to work with extreme autocrats contradicts US profession of democracy. US toleration of theft of Palestinian land contradicts US support for self-determination.
A second factor is the 20th-century seduction of industrial modernization and the liberalization of culture that went along with it–two of the products of the Western Enlightenment, which sought an end to religious warfare (post-100 years war) by demythologizing and devaluing religious institutions, subjecting them to the same critical thing that it subjected the rest of social life to. In every culture, including the United States, in the 21st century this has caused a radical fundamentalist reaction that co-opts and is co-opted by the particular local dynamics of politics and is intensified by economic inequalities. It also is a means of upping the salience of ethnic conflicts. The extent to which US businesses, especially cultural exporters pushed the culture of modernization alienated people attached to traditional values. And the extent to which that modernization was forced through with autocratic leaders who captured the economic benefits (Shah of Iran, a succession of Egyptian heads of state, the Saudi Royal Family), the US became portrayed as the enemy of the people.
The third contradiction is between the US promotion of universal human rights and its fundamental misreading of Israeli Zionism, even during the “liberal Zionism” era. During the Cold War, Holocaust guilt was used as leverage to enshrine principles of human rights, delegitimize American anti-Semites, provide a framework of anti-bigotry that eased the civil rights movement, promote uncritical acceptance of Israel’s illegal occupation of Palestine before and after 1967, counter the peace movement through references to Neville Chamberlain, and hide a policy of radical intervention behind responsibility-to-protect rhetoric.
The fourth contradiction was between the doctrine of self-determination, used as a club against Soviet and Russian actions for example, and the very active collusion of US policy with US corporate interests against local economies. The overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh and installation Reza Pahlavi as Shah is the most stark example of this.
To the extent that the US dominated the geopolitics of the Middle East and got its way, it instituted these contradictions, most all of which made the lives of ordinary citizens of Middle East countries worse off.
With the rise of the Project for the New American Century and its successors, the institutionalization of these contradictions were put on the steroids of active and frequent military intervention.
There is no surprise that beginning with the Palestinian Liberation Organization in the 1970s, more residents of the region have said “Enough” and the reactionary traditionalists have proliferated to the point that it looks at the moment that the US will never see itself as able to leave the region. And it should be little surprise after Zbigniew Brezinzki’s and Jimmy Carter’s idea to give the Soviet Union its own Vietnam in its invasion of Afghanistan that the fifth column we armed to defeat the second-powerful superpower should think itself capable of defeating the first one using the same lessons of Vietnam. Or that the US national security establishment, still smarting from Vietnam, should rush right into the suckers strategy. Post-Vietnam sense of emasculation drives the continuing search for the US military to be ballsy again. At this point it manifests collective US masculine cowardice, insecurity, bravado, impetuousness, and failure of thought.
It is the lingering influence of PNAC that Engelhardt is describing; it totally infects the Obama national security and intelligence establishment and has hijacked the State Department (or not given way to realism). Just like the police in America, the national security and intelligence establishment is now sacrosanct, immune to Congressional oversight, joined at the hip with the Republican Party establishment, and dominating the rest of US society. And worst of all, it is a failure except to provide welfare to defense contractors and their engineering and manufacturing and IT emplooyees. And the doubling and tripling down on failure is not confined to the Middle East. The ferris wheel now includes relationships with Russia and China, the “drug war”, and the campaign against weapons of mass destruction (aren’t they all?).
And at core “the War on Terror” is a horrible misanalysis of the geopolitical situation and the challenges it presents the United States. First of all it elevates a tactic and trivializes what is significant politics. Second it focuses attention on groups that are at worst as much a threat as US organized criminal organizations. And ignores those things that would make those groups irrelevant. Third, it seeks to affect events exclusively with military actions that always drift to what the US military is best at–conventional military action. Fourth, it fails to understand the difference between combatants and non-combatants. Fifth, because the non-state groups use a scorched earth tactic of anything goes, the US thinks that that allows it to do the same, and that becomes a trap that undercuts US legitimacy as an international actor.
Yes, there needs to be an alternative. Especially since the war on ISIS is experiencing serious mission creep and continued US military action in Yemen and Afghanistan are likely to increase the sort of blowback that we have seen in the attack on Charlie Hebdo, an attack intended to make the West further double down on a losing strategy.
Yeah…but…
The “profession of democracy” of the United States is itself subject to serious historical query. Nevermind the history of economically-mandated racial oppression both domestically and around the world; the very setup of the original U.S. “democracy” was…and remains…democracy for the minority only. All the rest? Just glitz and hype to keep the masses in order.
More:
“US support for self-determination?”
How about the Native Americans?
How about the many U.S. adventures in South/Central/Caribbean America? IOs shameful history in the Middle East?
Please.
U.S. speak with forked tongue.
For centuries!!!
The U.S. has been “portrayed as the enemy of the people” because it is the enemy of any people…usually darker skinned but not always…who reside on or near resources that would in any way redound to the profit of the controlling classes of the United States.
Please!!!
Empty hype. Go to any poverty-stricken ghetto of America…black, white, brown or whatever… to see how seriously the U.S. has promoted “universal human rights” even within the confines of its own borders.
Damned right there does,
Here’s an interesting news tidbit:
Like dat.
The 2016 presidential election will turn on who can get 51% of that “43 percent of Americans identified politically as independents” to vote for them.
My bet right now?
If he can successfully navigate the intricate shoals of hostile media?
Rand Paul.
Watch.
Gonna be an interesting couple of years.
Bet on it.
Later…
AG
Link
Yawn.
You mean this Rand Paul?
Keep yawning.
You play right into this hand.
Bet on it.
AG
What an utterly vapid analysis. I mean, this idea that the United States can do no right is just the inverse of the equally vapid right-wing argument that the United States can do no wrong. And this:
Total nonsense. It’s one thing to point out the limitations of our democracy, but to dismiss the 14th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, and 26th amendments as “glitz and hype” is a bit much.
But then of course you think Rand Paul is the shit, so what can we expect?
Riiight…
14th Amendment )Emphases mine)
Are you so bone-deep stupid that you think the policies of the federal government’s intelligence arms over the past 12 years or more have not “abridge[d] the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States” and “deprive[d] any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law?” Do you really believe that the poor get equal protection from the law?
Please!!!
I could go on with the rest of the amendments, but why bother?
Go away.
AG
It’s too bad you can’t collect all the points you miss and win a prize.
well one point being the fact that history exists, as you observe by listing the amendments.
This reminds me of that Fallows article in The Atlantic. We never reevaluate, and we never bother with accountability. Just look forward and not back and reward the security state with more arms.
But it is more than that. I am willing to bet though that poverty, unemployment and no path to a decent future has something to do with it. Young men with no future just might do something we don’t like.
And we are not good at building a state. If you doubt that read the story of the CPA in Iraq. The incompetence is overwhelming. And the sickness has spread to Europe where unemployment runs up to 27% in Spain and Greece. France is over 11%. Beneath those numbers some never see the light. Meanwhile inequality increases. Is it any wonder?
The War on Terror and the War on Drugs are comparable, even symbiotic entities. I suppose that Afghanistan might be considered the factual proof. Have you heard, by the way, that the military genius Petraeus is in a bit of trouble again?
Seems Adam Shatz is taking some heat for making similar points. http://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2015/01/09/adam-shatz/moral-clarity/
that’s a wonderful piece, thanks for the link.
My heart cries in silence. What a miserable and complete failure it is.
○ Leiden University Professor Cleveringa held his courageous speech protesting against the dismissal of his Jewish colleague, Professor Meijers. (November 26, 1940)