I hate to bring up a touchy subject when I don’t have time to give it a full treatment, but I guess I’ll be a bit reckless here. With the news that the Connecticut Democratic Party has responded to pressure from the local NAACP and decided to abandon the traditional Jefferson-Jackson name of their annual dinner, I see an opportunity for a learning moment.
Democrats cited Jefferson and Jackson’s ownership of slaves as a key factor in the decision, as well as Jackson’s role in the removal of Native Americans from the southeastern U.S. in what was known as the Trail of Tears.
We’ve all been discussing the fault lines between white progressives and progressives of color recently, especially in the aftermath of the imbroglio at the Netroots Nation conference.
I like to think I do a decent job of keeping one foot in each progressive camp. I’m definitely a white progressive but some of my formative political experience came working as a community organizer for ACORN in the predominantly black North Philadelphia community. In that latter experience, I learned many things that have stuck with me. And in my former experience growing up in an Ivy League town, I came to see a lot of arrogance and myopia and outright paternalism in how white intellectuals think about racial issues, particularly in a political context. I feel like I’m well-situated to see the fault lines clearly and especially to anticipate and recognize how the two camps often fail to communicate effectively with each other.
Now, Andrew Jackson seems like an easy case to me. Both camps have ample reasons to disown him.
But Jefferson is different. Much different.
Particularly for me, as a philosophy major and a secularist (to use Bill O’Reilly’s term), I have something nearing hero-worship for Thomas Jefferson. I don’t focus on his agrarian-centric ideas or his hostility to Wall Street or his ideas on federalism, although those are all important. I revere him for his Notes on Virginia and the Declaration of Independence and his decision to rewrite the New Testament stripped of all miracles. I respect him for translating the ideals of the Enlightenment into a brilliant political vision based on religious freedom and tolerance, and I see him as the forefather of the tremendously successful American scientific community.
I could actually go on all day talking about all the different ways that I admire Jefferson, quoting letters he wrote and decisions he made as president or as our ambassador in France.
What I’m doing here, though, is choosing to focus and emphasize some things and devalue or ignore others. And what I’m valuing are very much the kinds of things that a white progressive intellectual values, and what I’m ignoring are the legacies that concern the NAACP and many people of color.
My point of view is valid, but if that’s my complete picture of Jefferson, then I’m going to have a lot of trouble understanding why his name needs to be disassociated from the Democratic Party. And, to be honest, it feels a lot like my point of view is being completely negated here, as if it has no validity or is of such little consequence as to warrant annihilation in the face of another more morally uncomplicated point of view.
Because I know that Jefferson was a slaveowner and that he fathered children with one of his slaves in what probably amounted to rape considering the disparity of power in his relationship with Sally Hemings. And I know that he was elected in a system where slaves were counted as partial persons. And if what you know about (and particularly if what you most care about) is Jefferson’s record on race and slavery, then he won’t seem like an appropriate patron saint of the Democratic Party. But there’s that other side of the story.
It’s easy to see how there can be a two-way miscommunication here. And it’s easiest to see if either side insists that their partial point of view is the only morally acceptable one to have and insists on winning the battle of ideas outright, with no compromise.
I have argued before that Andrew Jackson deserves no place of honor in the modern Democratic Party, but I’d never agree to say the same about Jefferson, and I think my position is defensible provided that I’m not ignoring, discounting, disparaging or disrespecting those who feel differently. All I’d ask in return is that people be willing to listen to and respect the reasons why I hold Jefferson in such high esteem.
The thing is, I am fully aware of how my upbringing has shaped my thinking about Jefferson and how others’ much different experiences have shaped their thinking about him. Some might argue that it’s only the benefit of my white privilege that gives me the luxury to view Jefferson the way I do, and I understand that argument and see it as more correct than not.
But being free from the sting of racism and having the luxury to think about Jefferson primarily in the realm of abstract ideas and ideals rather than in terms of his day-to-day life on his slave plantation doesn’t mean I’m wrong to see him as one of the greatest, most-influential, and gifted thinkers in American history.
In closing, just consider this:
“Now, I say to you today my friends, even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: – ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”
Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Civil Rights March on Washington, August 28, 1963
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
As a party, we can disown Thomas Jefferson, but I will never disown him. I believe he created the creed that we’re all doing our best to live out.
And, again, I call on us all in the progressive movement to listen to each other and act like we love each other and want to work together. We cannot do as well separately as we can do together, and we’ll never get where we want to go together if we treat each other with contempt.
Very well said Booman.
I agree. The way I frame the issue is to say that far more important than the stories we tell ourselves about Jefferson (or anyone or anything else) is our willingness to listen to each other and make our best faith effort to see the other’s perspective. When we can see the world through each other’s eyes, it no longer matters so much whether we agree or disagree. Our points of view may align or we may agree to disagree. Either way, we’ll see the other’s humanity and we’ll have a deep sense of connection, fellow travelers in the larger context of our common cause.
I have a much simpler point of view. The turning of a political party into a cult with a symbol (donkey), hagiographies of major figures, and a symbolic calendar (Jefferson-Jackson Day) is in effect an attempt to create a partisan religion that captures the symbolic life of its adherents. I very much appreciate Madison’s discussion of factions in democratic governance; if the present moment doesn’t show the wisdom of that view, I don’t know what it will take.
An annual dinner is sufficient without all the hoopla. After all, those events are mostly poor food and poorer speeches. They function mainly as networking and political conversation events. And benchmark the fact for everyone that the Party is still of that moment somewhat alive and kicking.
As for historical judgements of Jefferson and Jackson, both are complex and bound by the context in which they operated. Anachronististic moral judgements are of the same nature as speculative alternative histories. In fact, Jefferson created the language that the black liberation movement could seize on and use as a crowbar to open the system as it could by shining a light on that language’s hypocrisy. A lot of Enlightenment figures are like that; their ideas outshine their deeds. And Jefferson, like Washington is as much an oppressor of the indigenous people of the continent misnamed America as Jackson. Washington, after all was part of a triggering of the French and Indian War that challenged France and had no small hand in land deals that breached the 1767 Dividing Line with Indian territory. And Jefferson is responsible for the Louisiana Purchase, which appropriated more Indian land that Jackson ever stole in Florida, Louisiana, and what was called West Florida (today’s Alabama and Mississippi). But as illustrating the core of the dynamic of American practical values, they are exactly the ones to illustrate theft of land, theft of labor, and recurrent bankruptcy as the route to wealth, prestige, honor, and power. That is why they loom so large in American history as compared to the Martin Van Buren and Franklin Pierce, for example.
Jefferson was a product of his times. We all are. We are bound by the cultural norms of that time, and it is a rare and unusual person who can break from them. Jefferson had a serious problem – he was a rich man in a slave economy, and owned slaves. To eliminate that source of labor and also amount of capital, he would have gone from a prosperous planter to a poverty stricken owner of unused farmland. Clearly, he was unwilling to do that, and I doubt I would have done differently.
I choose to celebrate the life of this great American.
If he is both one of the most gifted thinkers in American history and also a rapist, is he an appropriate namesake?
Say I love the films of Roman Polanski, and esteem him as a director. I am certainly entirely right to study his work, to discuss it, and to defend it; but I’m wrong to name an event that isn’t about him after him. That’s an elevation of the whole man, not the work.
My take is, a Jefferson-Jackson dinner that is about Jefferson and Jackson is 100% appropriate. However, a dinner that celebrates the men (or just Jefferson) as opposed to just the work, that’s a very different thing.
I have no objection to a conference called ‘Hitler: His Early Years.’ However, I would not accept, ‘come enjoy drinks and conversation at our monthly Hitler-Goebbles meetup!’
not a good analogy: making a couple possibly good movies is not in the same league as, say, being a partner, a principal, in the founding of a great nation.
Love the ideas he articulated, but he seems clearly to have been a scoundrel. Chernow makes short work of him in Hamilton (the show of which has a completely hilarious Jefferson!) — in my view, for good reason.
I’d rather we institutionalize these ideas, rather than simply turn their spokespersons (but not originators) into icons. So I’d call the dinners the Annual Juneteenth Day Dinner. Or, the Annual New Deal Day Dinner. Or whatever.
Our pals down South are seeing the perils of hitching one’s ideology too closely to historical figures — I’d hate to have to vouch for any “good guy” historical figure with very few (if any?) exceptions…
Do you mean MC Hamilton? I hadn’t heard of it before, but I just looked it up. That sounds cool.
Think I mean plain old Hamilton…
http://www.hamiltonbroadway.com/?gclid=CM3XttWj9MYCFUsXHwodS0sDUA
By the 1970’s the firms began the practice of making just one Catholic partner so they could serve Catholic clients
In Los Angeles when I was a youngun,(I’m 63) The
Country Club was Los Angeles Country Club, on Wilshire bounding Beverly Hills. All rich goyem.
We would kid that Their Triple Crown applicant would be a Black,Japanese JEW, to get 3 for 1!
Aristotle held that some people are slaves by nature and that it was best to treat them as such. So I guess we should not celebrate his many contributions to civilization.
Not only was Jefferson a slaveholder, he ate MEAT. So did Washington and Lincoln! They’re contributions to our society clearly can’t outweigh such barbarity.
People need to consider the bigger picture, and consider the lives of great thinkers in the past in the context of their society.
Meh…I just don’t care enough. Especially if Jackson is taken off. What, would we just put another name attached to it? Or Jefferson flying solo? Maybe scrap the tradition altogether.
Call it Roosevelt Day and move on?
Plenty to criticize about Roosevelt also. No, nothing other than Obama Day will do.
Anything besides ” Annual Barbara Jordan/Gerry Studds Dinner” and you’re insulting the base.
Anything besides ” Annual Barbara Jordan/Gerry Studds Dinner” and you’re insulting the base.
Everyone…contemporary, past and future…is a product of their times. What was “right” then is not “right” now.
What is “right” now…say the contemporary drone strikes w/massive collateral damage, the penning of people of color in ghettoes so as to take advantage of them as low wage workers, the police-enforced domination of that population/incarceration of members of that community who either lose their minds because of their situation and/or fight back with whatever means they have at their disposal, the Vietnam War of 50 years ago or the Hiroshima/Nagasaki atomic massacre of civilians 70 years ago.
Jefferson was a product of his times. If he had simply walked away from his culture in disgust…as I have done to as great degree as possible w/out endangering my own survival…we never would have even heard his name. I suspect there were thousands and thousands who did just that, people who were a brilliant as was he. Jefferson stayed inside the system. Why? Because he thought it the “right” thing to do, I suppose. If everyone walked away, civilization would collapse and then there would soon be a great extinction. Would that be “right?” Ask Mother Earth. Jackson was a soldier first, a statesman/politician second, and no doubt he considered everything that he did to be “right” according to his own conception of that idea. So did Hitler. Bet on it. Some people want to
demonize…”Hitlerize”…these people? You can’t do it. Why? Because they won, that’s why. History…and thus what we laughingly call morality (At least we do so on a day-to-day, week-to-week, year-to-year, century-to century basis.)…is written by the winners. Let’s call that the “Trump” idea. Donald Trump doesn’t like losers; he only likes winners. Winning “trumps” losing in his world, and his world is the one in which we all live, making moral “adjustments” in the name of survival and hoping that MLK Jr.s “arc of the moral universe” does tend towards justice.The universe is an infinite space, and thus that noble arc is infinite as well. Is the universe “moral?” On its own terms, yes, it is. It tends towards evolution. The life of Life, as some have put it.
Live on and prosper as best as you can in a moral sense. It’ll all come out in the wash anyway.
Spock’s real meaning.
Later…
AG
That’s all opinion anyway.
I agree about the relative merits of Jackson and Jefferson.
I understand the perspective on both men and even a lot of the hatred.
I think back on my studies on Jackson, and I wonder what others would do in his position. He didn’t really have a ton of good options.
I freely admit to not having the breath of knowledge bout Jefferson that you all do…so I’ll just ask..
When Jefferson said:
“”We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
Is there some tangible evidence that he when he said “all men” is also included Black slaves in that mix? I mean did Jefferson also consider his slaves having those same rights given by the creator to “life, liberty and pursuit of happiness”…
I honestly don’t care what you name those J-J dinners. I mean name or no name, it wont’ change the purpose or meaning of the gathering would it?
Jefferson was a colonizationist, so he certainly didn’t see blacks as fully equal. Here’s a letter, written toward the end of his life, where he discusses the subject.
But was he so immersed in his slave society in 1776 that like a fish in water he didn’t see the contradiction in his words until later? Or was the rhetoric totally cycnical. How much of an Enlightenment idealist was he, or for that matter, Thomas Paine? Were the slaves essentially invisible while the metaphor of slavery-liberty quickly came to the pen?
Sort of like our current libertarians. Some are cynical and others idealistic, regardless of their privilege or lack thereof.
Best evidence is that Jefferson was conflicted between his Enlightenment thought and the practicalities of running his plantation for his entire life and never had the courage to sort out theory and practice. His relationship with Sally Hemings after his own wife’s death is a huge symptom of that conflict. Also the treatment of Hemings’s children and his own slaves in his will was contrary to earlier stated intentions in his diaries. But it was fine political rhetoric in 1776 when the slaveowners were using slavery as a metaphor for their relationship to the British king’s actions with regard to their incomes. It is difficult to tell after 200 years whether the metaphor was unconscious or cynical. But it sure was stirring for the ordinary folk, stirring enough to be considered small-d democratically patriotic.
The tangible evidence of Jefferson’s diaries, wills, letters, and other writings is ambivalent about your question.
Andrew Burstein’s Madison and Jefferson touches on this issue for both of these “republicans” in the process of talking about the political environment in which they operated and how they operated.
The history of the abolition of slavery within states is interesting:
1777 – VT; partial ban (not well enforced)
1780 – PA; gradual abolition; those born after passage could not be enslaved and born before remained enslaved for life
1783 – MA; Supreme Court decision; all slaves freed
1783 – NH; gradual
1784 – CT; gradual
1784 – RI; gradual
(Sequence of states look familiar?)
Jefferson:
1764 – inherited approx 5,000 acres and between 20 and 40 slaves from his father
1772 – married Martha Wayles Skelton
1773 – inherited 1/3 of John Wayles estate (135 slaves and 11,000 acres) along with significant debt. (1)
Jackson:
Purchased his first slave in 1791, a six year old boy. The second appears to have been a twelve year old girl. With the purchase of his plantation The Hermitage in 1804, he acquired more slaves. Sometime after 1820, he owned up to 150 slaves.
George Washington died in 1799 and under the terms of his will, the 123 slaves he owned were to be freed when Martha Washington died. Martha freed them early in 1801 for her own safety.) (2)
Jefferson bequeathed the nation noble sentiments and aspirations, but he was too self-centered, a spendthrift, and poor planter manager to walk the talk. Jackson stole native lands, built his fortune on the backs of slaves that he mostly acquired after Washington’s had been freed, and wages wars against native Americans for decades. Time to kick Jackson into the bin with all the lesser Presidential lights (and off the $20 bill — I’d replace him with Frances Perkins). Jefferson belongs with those that were both great and dreadful.
(1) Wayles’ estate did not include Susanna, her daughter Betty Hemings, or Betty Hemings’ children. They were held in trust for descendents of Martha (Eppes) Wayles and if no descendents, belonged to the Eppes family. Martha Wayles Jefferson was the only child of Martha Eppes Wayles.)
(2) Martha owned one slave that remained in her estate. (So much for the claims that women have a claim to superior moral judgment.) The 153 Custis dower slaves were inherited by her grandson, George Washington Parke Custis. His will stipulated emancipation of his slaves. The executor of his estate was his son-in-law, Robert E. Lee.)
Screams “Pedophile!” to me.
Within the context of his time and life, that factoid suggests nothing of the sort:
Indeed. How about the Jefferson-Johnson Dinner (Lyndon, not Andrew) to remind ourselves to be humble, because our best is inextricably mixed with our worst, and there’s always progress to be made.
Indeed. The same thought occurred to me.
Good luck with that!
Thank You Booman. If we demonize Jefferson we lose the beauty of his ideas. I feel sick thinking about it. We all lose, the enlightenment is why we are in a Democratic society. I have no hope anymore. I gave my son Jefferson as a middle name. Now we start to tear ourselves apart. I’ve been a liberal Democrat since 1972. I was thirteen and McGovern was running for president.Jefferson explaining the enlightenment to the world was the greatest thing a man has ever done with a pen.
I don’t think Jefferson actually holds up well at all as an ancestor of modern liberalism. He’s much closer to what we would now call libertarianism.
Were any of them in that more than quasi-Enlightenment guys and laissez-faire capitalists? However, with their respect for and support of education, science, and tech, and separation of church and state, marks them as more forward thinking than “modern” libertarians. But running through the objectives of and powers they vested in the new federal government is deviates significantly from “libertarianism.”
Jefferson was on the side of those opposing those powers. I give him and his fellow anti-Federalists great credit for insisting on the Bill of Rights as the price of their reluctant support. Still, their view of the proper role of government was and is fundamentally dysfunctional in the modern industrial society that the US became.
Roosevelt-Kennedy Dinner would be just fine with me.
Although Japanese-Americans might object to FDR.