With so many groups having self-serving interests in the rise
in US immigration the chance of getting impartial information is
slight. Here is my attempt to provide some data, along with my
personal opinions.
First lets discuss two of the popular themes:
- “Immigrants are taking jobs away from Americans.”
If this is true than why isn’t the unemployment rate going up?
And how is it that most new immigrants find work? There may be a
changing dynamic in the work force, but this mantra doesn’t
explain it. The data shows that the unemployment rate various
over time, but recent changes in immigration don’t correlate with
the trends. This will be shown below.Unemployment Rate
- “Immigrants are pushing the cost of labor down.”
Immigration has only risen sharply within the last 10 years.
NAFTA started in 1994.
The stagnation in the wages and earnings of the working class
has been going on since before Reagan. The rise in the wealth of
the top 5% has grown significantly in the past 20 years. The
lower sectors have not.
- “Securing our borders will stop illegal immigration.”
The INS estimates that roughly 40% of the illegal immigrants living in the U.S.,
originally entered the country on non-immigrant visas
(such as H-1B, L-1, etc.). These non-immigrants have
become “illegal” immigrants by overstaying their visas. These people didn’t jump
a fence or swim across the Rio Grande, they flew in and entered legally. Building
a wall won’t change this. Tracking these people would require a national identity
card that would have to be presented before many transactions could be completed.
In much of the world, for example, one has to surrender one’s passport when
booking a hotel room or register with the police as a foreign visitor. Is that
what people mean by securing the border?
My take on the issues:
- NAFTA has caused economic dislocation in Mexico which is
forcing more people to migrate. Imports of corn have decimated
the local agricultural sector and the brief rise in outsourced US
manufacturing has ceased as these factories have now moved on to
Asia.
- The decline in unionization is what is responsible for the
loss of earnings power. When union participation dropped wages
stagnated. There is a delay in the effect caused by the existence
of multi-year labor contracts.
Countries which still have strong unionization show less
disparity in the distribution of wealth.
- Societies in decline find scapegoats to blame for their
problems. These are always the weak, and never the cause of the
problem. They are a good distraction, however.
The real issue is not immigration, but the loss of political
and economic power by the working and middle classes. One can
argue whether the US as a whole is in economic decline, or
whether we have just become economically imbalanced. Whichever it
is, immigration is not the problem. Poor economic, social and
industrial policies are.
Other essays of mine on related issues:
Sources used in this essay:
Pew
Trust Paper (PDF)
Oxfam
Paper (PDF)
Misery
Index
This essay is posted on my web site here:
Immigration “Facts” Debunked