In particular, people more knowledgeable about immigration issues, and the right wing scare tactics and lies which are being passed around on email lists to conservatives.
Why? Because my Dad asked me to respond to the following screed he received in the mail from one of his neighbors which paints a picture of an America being overrun by the brown menace (text below the fold).
My father is a very intelligent man (Ph.D in math), but as he’s gotten older, and his contact with younger people with diverse backgrounds and opinions has become increasingly limited, he’s slowly been turning to the hard right, echoing the sentiments of those older people (Fox News’ strongest demographic) with whom he now primarily associates. So, I want to give him the best, fact-based reply that I can to this piece of pure neo-fascist propaganda:
(cont.)
Subject: FW: American Suicide ……Very Sobering
…… Makes sense!We know Dick Lamm as the former Governor of Colorado.
In that his thoughts are particularly poignant. Last
week there was an immigration overpopulation conference in Washington, DC, filled to capacity by many of America ‘s finest minds and leaders. A brilliant college professor by the name of Victor Hansen Davis talked about his latest book, “Mexifornia,” explaining how immigration – both legal and illegal was destroying the entire state of California . He said it would march across the country until it destroyed all vestiges of The American Dream. Moments later, former Colorado
Governor Richard D. Lamm stood up and gave a stunning speech on how to destroy America . The audience sat spell bound as he described eight methods for the destruction of the United States. He said, “If you believe that America is too smug, too self-satisfied, too rich, then let’s destroy America. It is not that hard to do. No nation in history has survived the ravages of time. Arnold Toynbee observed that all great civilizations rise and fall and that ‘An autopsy of history would show that all great nations commit suicide.'”“Here is how they do it,” Lamm said:
“First, to destroy America, turn America into a
bilingual or multi-lingual and bicultural country.”
History shows that no nation can survive the tension,
conflict, and antagonism of two or more competing
languages and cultures. It is a blessing for an
individual to be bilingual; However, it is a curse
for a society to be bilingual. The historical scholar,
Seymour Lipset, put it this way: “The histories of
bilingual and bicultural societies that do not
assimilate are histories of turmoil, tension, and
tragedy.” Canada , Belgium , Malaysia , and Lebanon
all face crises of national existence in which
minorities press for autonomy, if not independence.
Pakistan and Cyprus have divided. Nigeria suppressed
an ethnic rebellion. France faces difficulties with
Basques, Bretons, and Corsicans. “Lamm went on:
Second, to destroy America , “Invent ‘multiculturalism’ and encourage immigrants to maintain their culture. Make it an article of belief that all cultures are equal. That there are no cultural differences. Make it an article of faith that the Black and Hispanic dropout rates are due solely to prejudice and discrimination by the majority. Every other explanation is out of bounds.
Third, “We could make the United States an ‘Hispanic
Quebec’ without much effort. The key is to celebrate
diversity rather than unity. As Benjamin Schwarz said
in the Atlantic Monthly recently: “The apparent success of our own multi-ethnic and multicultural experiment might have been achieved not by tolerance but by hegemony. Without the dominance that once dictated ethnocentricity and what it meant to be an American, we are left with only tolerance and pluralism to hold us together.” Lamm said, “I would encourage all immigrants to keep their own language and culture. I would replace the melting pot metaphor with the salad bowl metaphor. It is important to ensure that we have various cultural subgroups living in America enforcing their differences rather than as Americans, emphasizing their similarities.”“Fourth, I would make our fastest grow ing demographic
group the least educated. I would add a second underclass, unassimilated, undereducated, and antagonistic to our population. I would have this second underclass have a 50% dropout rate from high school.”“My fifth point for destroying America would be to get
big foundations and business to give these efforts lots of money. I would invest in ethnic identity, and I would establish the cult of ‘Victimology.’ I would get all minorities to think that their lack of success was the fault of the majority. I would start a grievance industry blaming all minority failure on the majority
population.”“My sixth plan for America ‘s downfall would include
dual citizenship, and promote divided loyalties. I
would celebrate diversity over unity. I would stress
differences rather than similarities. Diverse people
worldwide are mostly engaged in hating each other –
that is, when they are not killing each other. A
di verse, peaceful, or stable society is against most
historical precedent. People undervalue the unity it
takes to keep a nation together. Look at the ancient
Greeks. The Greeks believed that they belonged to the
same race; they possessed a common language and
literature; and they worshipped the same gods. All
Greece took part in the Olympic games. A common enemy,
Persia , threatened their liberty. Yet all these
bonds were not strong enough to overcome two factors:
local patriotism and geographical conditions that
nurtured political divisions. Greece fell. “E.
Pluribus Unum” — From many, one. In that historical
reality, if we put the emphasis on the ‘pluribus’
instead of the ‘Unum,’ we will balkanize America as
surely as Kosovo.”“Next to last, I would place all subjects off limits;
make it taboo to talk about anything against the cult
of ‘diversity.’ I would find a word similar to
‘heretic’ in the 16th century – that stopped
discussion and paralyzed thinking. Words like ‘racist’
or ‘xenophobe’ halt discussion and debate. Having
made America a bilingual/bicultural country, having
established multi-culturism, having the large
foundations fund the doctrine of ‘Victimology,’ I
would next make it impossible to enforce our
immigration laws. I would develop a mantra: That
because immigration has been good for America , it
must always be good. I would make every individual
immigrant symmetric and ignore the cumulative impact
of millions of them.”In the last minute of his speech, Governor Lamm wiped
his brow. Profound silence followed. Finally he said,
“Lastly, I would censor Victor Hanson Davis’s book
“Mexifornia.” His book is dangerous. It exposes the
plan to destroy America . If you feel America
deserves to be destroyed, don’t read that book.”There was no applause. A chilling fear quietly rose
like an ominous cloud above every attendee at th e
conference. Every American in that room knew that
everything Lamm enumerated was proceeding
methodically, quietly, darkly, yet pervasively across
the United States today. Discussion is being
suppressed. Over 100 languages are ripping the
foundation of our educational system and national
cohesiveness. Even barbaric cultures that practice
female genital mutilation are growing as we celebrate
‘diversity.’ American jobs are vanishing into the
Third World as corporations create a Third World in
America – take note of California and other states –
to date, ten million illegal aliens and growing fast.
It is reminiscent of George Orwell’s book “1984.” In
that story, three slogans are engraved in the Ministry
of Truth building: “War is peace,” “Freedom is
slavery,” and “Ignorance is strength.”Governor Lamm walked back to his seat. It dawned on
everyone at the conference that our nation and the
future of this great democracy is deeply in trouble
and worsening fast. If we don’t get this immigration
monster stopped within three years, it will rage like
a California wildfire and destroy everything in its
path especially The American Dream.
I’ve quickly sent my father this book review of Hansen’s book Mexifornia …
It is not surprising that Victor Davis Hanson’s latest book, Mexifornia: A State of Becoming, has transformed him into the new darling of the anti-immigrant movement. Unencumbered by the references, footnotes, facts and figures which clutter most books about immigration, Hanson relies largely upon personal anecdotes and emotional tirades to create a pastiche of fearful imagery: unassimilated Mexican hordes overrunning California, rampantly breeding entire generations of gang bangers and welfare recipients, goaded on by corrupt Mexican elites and U.S. multiculturalists awaiting the rise of a new Chicano nation in the southwestern United States. In general, Hanson’s arguments are wildly inconsistent, informed more by stereotype than substance, and characterized by a remarkable unfamiliarity with Mexican history and culture. Despite his experience as a historian and professor of classics, Hanson’s primary qualifications on the topic of Mexican immigration seem to be that he knows a lot of Mexicans and has worked on a farm. As a result, Mexifornia is a confused, confusing and often bizarre diatribe by one angry, frightened man rather than a meaningful contribution to the immigration debate.
A notable feature of Hanson’s stream-of-consciousness style, and the fact that Mexifornia is admittedly “not an academic study with the usual extensive documentation,” is his propensity to contradict himself. As a result, the book often degenerates into an argument in search of a point. … He says Mexican immigrants are “industrious” and “hardworking,” sympathetically observing that many become “wounded veterans of some of the hardest jobs in America,” but – in explaining the “superiority” of the United States over Mexico – notes that the United States doesn’t have a siesta and that Americans ‘live to work’ while Mexicans ‘work to live.’
To the extent a unifying theme can be discerned in the rambling text of Mexifornia, it is that the rise of multiculturalism has consigned undocumented immigrants and their children to “ethnic enclaves of the mind and barrios of the flesh,” where they become part of an “underclass” dependent on government subsidies. For Hanson, the multicultural ideology propagated by “liberals and ethnic activists,” who seek out the undocumented immigrant “as a future ‘progressive’ voter or as another statistic in their loyal ranks of needy constituents,” has been “the force-multiplier of illegal immigration from Mexico,” turning “a stubborn problem of assimilation into a social tragedy stretching across generations.” In Hanson’s view, the varied manifestations of multiculturalism – “de facto open borders, bilingual education, new state welfare programs, the affirmation of a hyphenated identity, a sweeping revisionism in southwestern American history” – have “either failed to ensure economic parity or thwarted the process of assimilation” at the expense of “old methods that worked,” such as “language immersion, autonomy from government assistance, rapid assumption of an American identity, and eager acceptance of mainstream American culture.” As a result, the “social costs of having so many who turn so criminal, remain uneducated, and need highly trained doctors and professionals to clean up their mess has become exasperating.” Hanson thus offers up California as a stark example to other states that are “slowly walking the path that leads to Mexisota, Utexico, Mexizona or even Mexichusetts – a place that is not quite Mexico and not quite America either.”
In keeping with his tendency to undermine his own arguments, Hanson provides evidence to refute his central thesis that Mexican immigrants, in contrast to previous waves of immigrants, are failing to integrate into U.S. society and move up the socioeconomic ladder. He states that between 1995 and 2000, Hispanic income increased “faster than that of any other minority group – as a virtually new class of assimilated and affluent Mexican-Americans arose.” He notes that, despite relatively high drop-out rates, a majority of Mexican Americans graduate from high school, which “implies that every year, hundreds of thousands of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans are entering the work force in occupations other than menial labor and slowly finding their way into the mainstream, to join earlier immigrants in the American middle and upper classes.” Yet, inexplicably, he sees this as evidence that “the old assimilationist model…is working efficiently for only a minority of new immigrants.”
The disparities in average earnings and educational attainment between Mexican American and Anglo Californians are indeed urgent social problems. However, as a 2003 Rand Corporation study points out, statistical snapshots of the Latino population at any one point in time shed little light on Latino socioeconomic progress across generations. The study found that “Each new Latino generation not only has had higher incomes than their forefathers, but their economic status converged toward the white men with whom they competed.” This has occurred because “each successive generation has been able to close the schooling gap with native whites which then has been translated into generational progress in incomes.” For instance, Mexican men born during 1895-1899 who immigrated to the United States “earned 55 percent as much as native white men over their lifetimes. When their American-born sons competed in the labor market, their lifetime wage gap averaged 23 percent. By the time their grandsons worked, the Mexican wage gap averaged 16 percent.” Similarly, Mexican men born during 1905–1909 who immigrated to the United States averaged “4.3 years of school. Their American-born sons, with 9.4 years, doubled their schooling, and their grandsons were high-school graduates.”
In a related vein, a 2002 survey by the Pew Hispanic Center and Kaiser Family Foundation revealed that “only 7% of second generation Latinos are Spanish dominant, while the rest are divided between those who are bilingual (47%) and those who are English dominant (46%).” The survey also found that “Among foreign-born parents, 45% say their children communicate with their friends predominantly in English and another 32% say their children use both English and Spanish equally. Just 18% of immigrant parents say that their children only speak Spanish with their friends.” This is hardly evidence of “the stubborn resistance to assimilation” Hanson so laments. […]
Hanson’s solution to the perceived woes of Mexican immigration is “to adopt sweeping restrictions on immigration and put an end to separatist ideology.” This would be accomplished through “a domestic Marshall Plan” that imbues immigrants with “the norms and values of traditional education,” together with a “fortification and a militarization of sorts” at the border. NOTE 35 How Hanson would stamp out ideologies he finds offensive without repealing the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which protects freedom of speech, is unclear. Precisely how he would create the equivalent of a Demilitarized Zone separating the United States from its second largest trading partner, particularly given the ties with Mexico fostered since 1994 by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), also remains unspecified. Hanson notes that “Under conditions of strict legality, illegal immigrants would have to be deported immediately,” but doesn’t acknowledge the social, political and economic chaos in both the United States and Mexico that would result if millions of undocumented immigrants, many with deep U.S. roots and most with U.S.-citizen family members, were summarily rounded up and dumped on the other side of the border. Nor does he say how any of this would contribute to improving economic conditions in the Mexican communities from which immigrants originate. Instead, Hanson simply says that, under his recommended solution, “our present problems would vanish almost immediately.”
In spite of – or perhaps because of – Mexifornia’s intellectual vacuity, it is being championed by anti-immigrant activists. For instance, Representative Tom Tancredo (R-6th /CO), chairman of the Congressional Immigration Reform Caucus, has praised the book as “fascinating,” “compelling” and “really well written,” with a “powerful” argument against multiculturalism. NOTE 38 However, in truth, Hanson abandons any pretense of scholarship, objectivity or even academic professionalism in Mexifornia. He doesn’t check his facts, repeatedly contradicts his own arguments, indulges his fears rather than his intellect, and ultimately establishes his authority as an author by reciting a litany of his friends and family of Mexican descent. However, as with so many statements that begin “Some of my best friends are Mexican, but…,” the results are predictable. [endnotes omitted]
… but I know I will need more. So, can those of you with greater knowledge of these issues help me out by pointing me to articles on the web (your own or others) which can help me convince my father his neighbor’s email is total bull-puckey? I would be forever in your debt if you can help.
Thanks,
Steven D
My gawd..reading that letter your father received literally made my blood run cold. Probably because I live in a place packed full of older folks very likely to be totally vulnerable to swallowing that kind of poison whole. I hope you are inundated with the help you’ve requested, and can reach your father, Steven.
And once again, thank you for all you are doing to keep the light focused where it needs to shine.
How many examples of this do you want?
China
India
The Netherlands
Belgium
Switzerland
Britain
All of these countries have managed this for up to hundreds (If not Thousands) of years. If you look into it you’ll probably find that an entirely monolingual country is probably the exeption ratehr than the rule.
Well that statement is a bit of a simplistic view of Greek history and culture, they may have worshipped the same gods, but they did have differences in culture and law which lead to them being one of the first groups to theorise atheism in that although they had supposedly the same gods, they realised that their stories around them were different and so they could argue for the non existence of gods as their existence consisted of human created stories. (the same argument could be deployed covering the different gospels)
but back in grade school i was taught that athens and sparta were radically different city states.
i don’t think you need any help steven, i think the review from amazon.com does it all quite well.
The scariest thing about that letter is that if you changed just a few details and reversed the intention, it would very nearly reflect what is going on in the US today…
Gov. Lamm is also apparently getting most of his history from the MOVIES (ie, like 300), not from actual historical research or even books written by serious historians. While presenting a fictionalized version of history as popular entertainment can be quite dramatically and commercially successful (Shakespeare did it, after all), it’s not a good basis for public policy. I think Gov. Lamm needs to watch some different movies. My Big Fat Greek Wedding might be a good place to start.
Thing is, the US has never been a bi-lingual nation. It is a MULTI-lingual nation. It is probably the only nation on the planet in which all languages are spoken (and published), and all religions are practiced. And this is not new; the US has always had immigration, and immigrants have always tended to form little linguistic and cultural communities that maintain and hand down traditions and practices from one generation to the next, even as those later generations assimilate into the broader American culture. This is why so many cities have a Chinatown, Greektown or Little Italy, and (highly successful, I might add) hundreds of ethnic restaurants and grocery stores. This is why any sizable list of Americans (from a metropolitan area phone book or school roster to the list of Members of Congress) yields such a rich and varied collection of ethnic surnames.
The US has absorbed many waves of immigrants — Germans, Dutch, Irish, Italians, Poles, Russians and other Eastern Europeans (particularly Jews), who came here to escape poverty or persecution and to work and build better lives for themselves. The Chinese workers who were brought in to build the railroads in the west. The Africans who were brought here as slaves, but whose descendants are a vital and integral part of American history and culture. We’ve had more Chinese, along with Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laosians, Indonesians, Filipinos, Bangladeshi, Thai. We’ve had more from former Communist countries. And we’ve always had immigrants from Central and South American — some of whom are themselves the descendants of immigrants, and some descended from native ethnic peoples.
And the US is still standing.
There was a time when certain people ranted and said pretty much the EXACT SAME THINGS Lamm is saying about the Mexicans about the Irish, and the Poles, and the Chinese. But factories and slaughterhouses and cross-country construction projects needed a large labor force; without huge numbers of immigrant workers, those businesses could not have even existed, much less been profitable. Those businesses also liked having a surplus of workers, because it meant they could treat theirs like crap — and they did — just like many employers hiring Hispanic immigrants (especially “off the books”) do today.
The only real difference between those past waves of immigration and the one we’re seeing now is (1) a land-based border is easier to cross than one bounded by thousands of miles of ocean, which not only makes it harder to control the influx than when they arrived via ship, but makes it easier to threaten to send them back when you’re done exploiting them (whereas the previous German, Irish and Polish immigrants became part of the organized labor movement); (2) the poverty and persecution that drove the immigration waves from Europe wasn’t instigated by US trade deals and exploitive foreign policy.
Thank you
Hi Steven:
I’m not an expert, but here are couple of things that might help. One is an article by Thom Hartmann about the “illegal employer” issue. Hartmann takes a nuanced view of immigration that might be a starting point for your dad.
There was also an article recently in the New York Times about how immigration has actually tempered the separatist issue in Quebec.
Finally, as Janet says, the same arguments about immigration were made against the Irish in the 1840s, the Jews in the late 1800s, and the Italians in the early 1900s.
I hope this helps.
Thank you
First of all, have him investigate Gary Jarmin. He’s a Moonie who coordinates dozens and dozens of fake charities out of a mail drop in Arlington, Virginia. (Just Google him.) Once a senior donates a few bucks to something like “Save Social Security” they begin to get bombarded with hate mail, anti-immigrant, anti-gay, anti-Democrat, etc. Then, here are just a few facts about immigration that might help. (Unfortunately, I can’t provide links today.)
Myth #1: A path to citizenship for the current population of illegal immigrants would hurt our economy.
The fact is that right now, truly illegal citizens can’t open bank accounts. Nor can they invest in property. They can’t save in any way. So the money goes home–some $100 billion a year, mostly pre-tax–and with the help of the federal government. A federal program designed to help legal immigrant Mexican workers wire their earnings back to families in Mexico also is providing a “fast, safe, and low-cost way” for illegal workers without Social Security cards to funnel money out of the U.S.
Myth #2: Putting these workers into the social security system would hurt our citizens’ retirement.
This is one that I’ve even heard from Ed Schultz. (I wanted to tear the XM radio out of the car, and unfortunately I was out of cell range.)
The biggest problem with social security, of course, is demographics. The government (GAO) estimates that every 250,000 young workers added to the system would alleviate 5% of the future problem. (There are many different kinds of estimates and models.) But it’s clear that bringing young immigrant workers into the system will help. They are mostly young, so they will be paying social security rather than collecting.
Myth #3: Creating a path to citizenship will hurt wages in this country.
Right now, illegal immigrants live in fear. Yes, they accept lower wages and lack rights to even the most basic accomodations. Suppose these workers suddenly got some legal status? The most likely immediate effect would be a rise in union membership along with demands for basic employment rights. This has been recognized by unions. In February 2000, the Executive Council of the American Federation of Labor — Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) announced that it was changing its historic position. It would now support expanded immigration, lenient enforcement of immigration laws, and the legislative agenda of immigrants.
Myth#4: Legalizing immigrants will cost you money.
They are costing money now! The majority of illegal males in this country have no insurance. When they hit your car, you have no coverage. When they are very ill, they end up in emergency rooms and the cost is distributed to your insurances and your employer. According to the Census Bureau, since 1989 the population without health insurance has grown by 7.8 million and stood at 41.2 million in 2001. (Figures for 2001 are based on the March 2002 CPS.) This growth has been driven largely by immigration. Immigrants who arrived after 1989 account for 6.9 million or 77 percent of the growth in the uninsured. Moreover, there where nearly 600,000 children born to post-1990 immigrants who lack insurance, meaning that new immigrants and their U.S.-born children accounted for over 95 percent of the growth in the uninsured population. Thus, it is reasonable to say that the nation’s health insurance crisis is being caused by our immigration policy.
Myth #5: The government is enforcing the current immigration laws.
An employer can still enter 000-00-0000 as an employee’s social security number and get away with it. In the recent draft of the “immigration compromise” the Bush administration took repayment of back employment (FICA) taxes “off the table.” That’s because both employees and employers owe back taxes; the employee has committed (and would be admitting to) a civil infraction (like a parking ticket) but the employer would be admitting to a felony when it went to pay the back taxes. Who is Bush protecting?
Myth #6: Illegal Immigration is a terrorism risk.
First, the 9/11 hijackers were almost all here legally. Second, drug dealers and terrorists won’t be stopped by a wall. They buy Cessnas with pin money.
Who perpetuates the myths? The answer, of course, is “big money.”
The banks make money because they wire billions of dollars at outrageous fees.
Agro-industry makes money because the majority of its workers are too terrified to join unions.
The Republicans keep the value of union PACs down.
The medical conglomerates never lose; they are billing someone for many times their costs.
There’s a lot more here. For every myth we demolish, ten more will crop up.
Thank you
Nezua over at The Unapologegic Mexican wrote a post recently about folks like this whose understanding of our history tends to start AFTER the Mexican-American War. Here’s a link to that post titled The Moral of a Truncated Tale.
Also, most of these folks don’t want to pay any attention to our country’s role in what is going on in Mexico with regards to corporation’s hunger for cheap labor and the devastating effect this has on their economy and standard of living. A few months ago, I appreciated learning more about Maquiladoras. In this instance, the corporate world knows no national boundaries – those that seem to need to be enforced for human beings.
Thank you
Before my mother died, she’d absorbed that stuff and was donating $ to these people — and she started out a Rockefeller Republican. It is very insidious, playing to deeply ingrained racial stereotypes in this country. If your father knew any history, he’d know that every wave of new immigrants has faced very similar concerns.
The best pre-primer on how to talk about immigration that I’ve run across comes from the pollster Celinda Lake. I’ve created a sort of transcript here and also there is link to a podcast. Her prescriptions may not be how we want to talk about immigration, but they ring true to me. We have to recast migrants as hard workers who pay taxes and want to learn English and make a good life for themselves — just like most everybody else.
Thank you.
If you’re looking for facts and analysis, with a dollop of sound analysis from a lefty point-of-view, Duke1676 is the best recommendation I can give.
To be perfectly honest, this type of propaganda is the hardest for me to answer because it is a direct affront on the history of my family and region. I need to learn how to take a deep breath, go down the list of fallacies, and hopefully teach some bigger-picture issues of the mid-1800s that still affect today’s situation; but I’m just not there in my head or heart at the moment.
Thanks.
From Once upon a time:
It had occurred to me that instead of trying argument, you’d be better off fighting fire with fire. People sometimes don’t respond to discussion with their heads so much as their emotions – and a feeling for what ‘seems reasonable’.
That’s come up a lot lately with electioneering – and brainwashing is pretty much what you’re talking about. I’ve been slowly becoming rabid about “Moving the Overton Window” and how it perverts discussion. I’ve links on that – but for your dad, suggest http://wmtc.ca/ article “immigration on both sides of the border”.
You’re trying to deal with a ‘straw man’ where the other guy gets away with stating both sides of the argument. That deserves a proper irate roasting, as it is completely dishonest.
Ha. I was just sent this today in comments – the start of it all http://www.ikanlundu.com/literary/The_Art_of_Political_Lying.htm
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/rtrs/20070602/tpl-uk-g8-summit-demos-43a8d4f.html
I applaud the Germans. Why, because they know the dangers of organizations like this and their agendas. In America you would get the response, “What’s a G8”?
My theory. Both parties, their agendas are mere industries designed to polarize man against man, until man exists no more.
From my own family’s immigrant history comes one of my favorite illustrations of that particular aspect of our country’s past. Martin Scorsese’s Gangs Of New York is also a helluva movie. Maybe sometime you could watch it together. Good luck, Steven. My dad was like that too.
I was thinking about this movie also when reading Steven’s diary. Great movie to watch for just the visuals and get a small sense of immigrants coming to this country. Reading all the great information out there is good but sometimes just watching a movie like ‘Gangs of New York’ will make an issue like immigration hit home much more than all the reading you can do.
Talking about immigration of any group of people and the people railing against them has one predictable feature-the exact same falsehoods and prejudices are applied to any give group of immigrants-that never ever varies.
..any given group of people.