Well I got a little “extra” time today so I thought I’d write up a (somewhat) brief analysis of the modern state of Israel and its future prospects, especially in light of the recent events in Gaza.
To truly understand where Israel is today, you’ve actually got to go back to even before the state came into being in 1948. There is a HECK of a lot of rhetoric and inflamed debate about even the most “undisputed” of facts so I’m going to try to parse this down as objectively as humanly possible.
One of THE major reasons for disruption in today’s Middle East is of course, the British and the French. During World War 1, the British (and to a lesser extent, the French) fought against the Ottoman Empire, which controlled vast swathes of territory, including what is now Israel.
During that war, the British cultivated both the nascent Zionist organizations’ support (Zion Mule Corps) as well as curried local Arab leaders to combat Turkish domination in the region (see T.E. Lawrence) and fight a sort of rear-guard revolutionary action.
The problems (of the modern era) began immediately AFTER WW1 when a number of things happened.
To begin with, Britain and France had PROMISED local leaders (including yes, some Jewish ones) that they would be granted independence and self-rule. That actually never happened.
Through a series of outright lies, forced revolutions, coup d’etats and other “foreign policy” shenanigans, the British and French installed puppet rulers and allowed absolutely no true independence in most of what is now the Middle East.
The countries that are today Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, Egypt and Iraq fell under British control while the countries that are today Lebanon and Syria fell under French control.
The second thing of significance that happened was that the British (especially) carved up the Middle East in ways favorable to CONTROLLING the population, not based on ethnic or tribal identities. Therefore Iraq’s three largely disparate populations got lumped together under a puppet king, leading to all the “fun” we’ve seen here in the last 20 years.
The countries now known as Jordan and Israel fell under a single area ruled by Britain known as the British Mandate of Palestine. The legalistic term “Mandate” was partly due to the peace treaty signed after the war – if the territory was given OUTRIGHT to the victors then it would be counted as part of the reparations owed by Germany (and the Ottoman Empire). But since it was only a “Mandate” aka a quasi-legal permission given by the League of Nations, then it didn’t “count” towards paying back the reparations.
And of course excessive reparations paid to the victors of WW1 was one of the factors that fueled Hitler’s rise to power in Germany.
So from WW1 to WW2 (and slightly thereafter), the British were in full political control of what is now Israel. The eastern half (now the nation of Jordan) was given to a guy named Hussein, and there’s a long story about that and how he and his family were imposed on people who had no desire for him, but I’ll leave that for another day.
The British meanwhile, had a bit of a dilemma on their hands. On one hand were the Jews in Palestine (as well as an increasing number of supporters in esp. Eastern Europe and Russia as anti-semitism rose) who were largely SUPPORTIVE of the British. Most of the Jews immigrating to Palestine in this era were also European and therefore a little more “human” to the British.
On the other hand was the fact that the majority of the inhabits were Arabs AND that due to design, the wealthiest Arab leaders in the region were forced to pay the British a lot of money. It’s a complicated story as well but essentially the British just kept in place the old Turkish system in which leaders had to pay quasi-feudalistic “dues” to the rulers in exchange for semi-autonomy.
Using standard British colonial tactics, they pitted different factions against one another, including antagonizing the Shi’a in southern Lebanon (under French control) to conduct cross-border raids, etc.
Over time, a combination of inflamed anti-semitism by some Arab leaders as well as general disaffection against British rule (including the death of a prominent leader at the hands of British police in 1936) led a lot of Arabs to start aligning with Nazi Germany. Again, just as the British had promised the Arabs independence in exchange for support, the Nazis did the same when World War 2 came around.
World War 2 and all of its amply documented horrors then occurred and now there were hundreds of thousands of European Jews anxious to move to Palestine and yet they were surrounded by neighbors who were bitterly resentful of them. And all of this was combined with the fact that the Jews had largely supported Britain during WW2 and the Arabs had largely sided with Germany.
In 1947, the UN, a brand-new organization, tried to reach a partition plan of what would be today’s Israel but, through a long and very disputed list of reasons, that never took place.
The local Jewish population became sufficiently well-armed and felt strong enough to unilaterally declare independence in 1948 and the British essentially fled.
Surrounding Arab countries immediately invaded and were defeated and the country was established. However a number of key things must be noted.
First of all, 1948 Israel was only what is Israel today MINUS the Gaza Strip and what’s called in English the “West Bank” (and Eastern Jerusalem). Gaza itself is pretty small but the West Bank is a HUGE chunk of territory.
Secondly, due to a number of (again, much disputed) factors, a LARGE percentage of the local Arab population in Israel proper (i.e. not WB or Gaza) left the country and have NEVER been allowed to return. Millions of those people (and their descendants) now live in UN refugee camps in surrounding nations to this day.
From 1948 to about 1956, Israel was the most independent (and least viable security-wise) that it was ever to be. In 1956 was the Suez Crisis, by which the Egyptians tried to rule themselves and cut off the Suez Canal, thereby infuriating the British and led to an invasion (supported by Israel, seizing an opportunity).
The growing might of post-WW2 United States led to a series of tactically brilliant moves by which the British were kneecapped, leading to the US assuming all of the previously British influence and power in the Middle East, including with Israel. By this point, Israel became the “special partner” with the United States that has existed to this day.
Part (and only part) of this was that Israel was in the middle of the “great” game” or the “cold war”, wherein some nations in the region (particularly Syria, Egypt under Nasser and then Iraq) became closely allied with the Soviet Union and the USA went all out to have ITS allies in the region (including Israel).
Concurrent with all of this was that Egypt’s leader Gamal Nasser was trying (and almost succeeded) in uniting the various Arab factions and “nations” in the Middle East under one pan-Arab leadership (his). This of course was something neither the United States (or Israel) wanted.
In 1967, through a series of again, hotly disputed events, the nations of Egypt, Syria, Jordan (and to a tiny extent, Iraq) fought a war with Israel and were quite badly defeated. Israel took over the territories now known as the West Bank and Gaza Strip (and E. Jerusalem) and have ruled them ever since.
In 1979, the historic Egypt-Israeli peace treaty was signed, thereby hard coding the fact that Egypt will receive billions of dollars in aid every year, thereby propping up a pro-American dictator, especially useful as it is the largest Arab nation.
So, that’s an EXTREMELY short version of the past. Now let’s talk about Israel’s present and future.
1) Its neighbors – through various reasons and motives (as usual, hotly disputed), Israel has either been invaded or invaded many of its neighbors and has extremely poor relations with all (or most) of them.
Anti-Israeli (esp anti-Zionist) rhetoric is EXTREMELY useful and politically energizing for a lot of regional politicians, the most famous of which is currently Iranian president Ahmedinejad but he is by far not the only one.
Anti-Zionist rhetoric also politically propels such parties as Hizb’allah in Lebanon and Hamas.
Some of the motives behind this stance are hate based to be sure, while others are founded on legitimate grievances. Other Arab (or Iranian) politicians use anti-Zionist rhetoric as a way to redirect local grievances against domestic repression.
Therefore, REGARDLESS of the motives, there are definitely some politically savvy reasons for being hostile (whether in terms of actual physical threat or just verbally) towards Israel.
Therefore it is EXCEEDINGLY UNLIKELY that this regional hostility will dissipate any time soon.
2) Its economy – to put it in a nutshell, Israel doesn’t have an economy for shit. I believe I saw the other day that the GNP projection for next year is 0%, as in none whatsoever.
Israel has already had a series of hyper-inflation crises and their economy is based on military hardware, tourism and diamond cutting and polishing.
It is also entirely propped up by United States foreign aid, whether cash in hand, military supplies or “guarantees” on Israeli loans.
Most of its recent immigration has been from the very poorest of Jewish communities from around the world, esp such as Russia, and they arrive with virtually nothing and very few translatable skills to contribute to the economy.
And last but definitely not last, Israel’s military is hugely dependent on its reserve forces. Every able-bodied Israeli Jewish citizen (with some exceptions – the ultra-religious Orthodox right for example) is on call at any time to be mobilized into the military.
This means every single time Israel conducts a major offensive, all of those men are removed from the work place, thereby further destabilizing the economy.
3) Its politics – again to put it in a nutshell, Israel is screwed and is only remotely democratic at the moment.
Through a complicated series of reasons, a very small hardcore religious segment of the Jewish population has a disproportionate influence on the government. This influences all sectors right down to the fact that only Orthodox Jewish marriages are recognized by the state, meaning two non-practicising Jews have to go to Cyprus to even receive legal benefits (a common occurrence).
ALL of the residents of the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip are not citizens of Israel and therefore have no rights, including the right to vote.
A large segment of the Arab population in Israel proper have reduced rights (or none) including being barred from the right to vote. Many political parties are banned, therefore further disenfranchising even its citizens who CAN vote.
4) Population – Even if every Arab leader and political organization tomorrow decided they love Israel forever and want nothing but sweet, dear peace, Israel is now and forevermore at a population disadvantage.
Right now, today, if every Palestinian either in Israel proper, the occupied territories or in an official UN-administered refugee camp were granted both residency in Israel AND the right to vote, the Jewish population would be instantly outnumbered. Assuming a widespread wave of nothing but peaceful intentions, the state of Israel as a Jewish entity would be voted out of existence immediately.
Due to a number of factors, Arab birth rates are now and have always been higher than those of Jews in Israel, therefore this disparity is only going to rise. Israeli Jews, just like Caucasian “whites” in the United States, are slowly being drowned in a sea of other ethnicities with a higher birth rate. So it goes.
Israel, quite simply put, is like a staffed base on the moon – it is extremely expensive, entirely reliant on long-distance support and is inherently unsustainable and the complete opposite of self-sufficient.
A lot of words have been written about the Israeli “Lobby” and its undue influence on the United States government, most of it rightly so. If I were an Israeli leader, especially a hardcore rightwing one, I’d be doing the exact same thing.
But all the wars, all the military offensives, all the billions of dollars in arms and cash, all of the spying and espionage, all of the wielding of influence is just staving off the inevitable. Israel, as a “business model” is simply unsustainable in the long run and a brief glance at the situation makes this readily apparent.
In many ways, the situation there is quite similar to the apartheid rule of the whites in South Africa or the British in India or the Italians in Somalia or the Americans in the Philippines.
I don’t really know what I’d recommend to the Jewish people of Israel if they asked me for my advice. I guess I’d tell them to sue for peace NOW, find some kind of solution they can live with and use their influence with the United States to guarantee respect for their religious and cultural heritage. But Jews running Israel as a Jewish state is a situation which essentially is going to fail at some time sooner or later.
End the bloodshed now, for all those deaths are already in vain and there is no need for anyone else to die.
Pax
Thanks for the background — I knew some of it but not all. That certainly explains some of the current tensions in Iraq as well as neighboring countries.
I did NOT know Israel’s economy was so dependent on US support, however. So that means that basically their expansions of new settlements in the West Bank are being financed by US money?
Hoping that a new Obama administration will be able to exert some influence towards peace in the region, and looking at the reality of the situation (as opposed to through a lens heavily tinted with religious/political ideology).
the real history of the Jews: Always at war. The state of Israel, the Jewish state project will fail.
there’ll be CONSEQUENCES
Israeli history does not equal Jewish history, a time line that spans some 5700 years. Nor does Israel speak for the Jewish people.
Israeli history does not equal Jewish history, a time line that spans some 5700 years. Nor does Israel speak for the Jewish people.
How interesting. The history of the Jews covers vast tracts of time…largely missing is peace.
the year is now 5769
We begin from the time of Abraham to present or is it from his grandson, Jacob – renamed Israel. ‘Jacob-Israel’ also father of the twelve tribes: Rueben, Simeon (Levi), Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Benjamin, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Ephraim and Manasseh; known in that time as The Israelites.
Shall we begin here to trace the history of the 12 tribes up to Judah’s sorrows; the fall of Jerusalem 587/6; the scattering of the nation? Shall we follow with Ezekiel and the formation of Judaism; next the period of Cathedocracy (medieval Jewry) in the time of Maimonides, a central figure in Jewish history; to the Ghetto period – first Ghetto in Venice; followed by the Emancipation quickly followed by the Holocaust and the birth of Zionism; Begin and terrorism?
So Israel does not speak for Jewish people! But it amplifies itself as the Jewish state…the motherland Jews are largely silent and or financially supportive of the state of Israel’s apartheid and inhumanity.
As a Sephardi Jew, I say it’s time for peace. Past due from 1948.
Teachings of MLK, Jr.
Juan Cole:
“Iraq’s three largely disparate populations got lumped together under a puppet king, leading to all the “fun” we’ve seen here in the last 20 years.“
This post is about Israel, so I don’t want to go into this here, but while the above is the “received reality” about Iraq, it is quite far from the real reality. Iraq WAS composed from three Ottoman governates, and the Brits DID combine those governates to form the territory of the modern day state of Iraq, and they DID appoint a puppet king who was not from Iraq, but from the Arabian peninsula, but the idea of the three disparate populations being forced to live together leading to the problems of the last 20 years is historically incorrect.
Well yes you are right π but what I was thinking of was the proposed Kurdistan by the League of Nations that eventually got shelved.
Pax
Well, yes, at Sevres the Kurds were promised their own state, which would have been carved out of parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, and as usual they got screwed by the western powers. But the proposed Kurdistan did not come close to including the entire Wilaya (governate) of Mosul, including its oilier parts.
More pragmatic Kurds even today do not see an independent Kurdistan as a potentially viable entity unless it includes areas that are not properly part of Kurdistan. And even if they could grab Kirkuk and other oil-rich areas of northern Iraq, they would be completely landlocked, and very dependent on the good will of the surrounding states to survive economically.
It is also true that when Iraq was created most of the Iraqi Kurds were not separatists, and thought of themselves as Iraqis first, then Kurds. There were Kurds all over Iraq, and one of the largest Kurdish populations in the world was in Baghdad.
If not for the meddling of the West who knows what might have happened or not happened.
…you forgot to include the Balfour Declaration, and how that might have influenced the Arabs and Persians:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Declaration_of_1917
Definitely a seminal document but a lot of stuff got excised just for keeping the piece short.
Pax
Nevertheless, the Zionists were not very happy with it for a number of reasons. I don’t recall Chaim Weizman’s exact reaction, but it was basically that this was not what they wanted, but that they would find a way to sell it as more than it was.
And they succeeded beyond all reason. The Balfour Declaration is very carefully designed to promise the Zionists nothing at all – certainly not a Jewish state – and to do so very conditionally. That is clear from even the most superficial analysis, and yet they managed to convince themselves and the world that it unconditionally promised them a Jewish State in Palestine and that the “existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine” were – oh, I don’t know – non-existent?
I have a 700-or-so page book in my library titled The Balfour Declaration. It was written some time in the late fifties or early sixties. Haven’t looked at it in years. I should get it out and re-read it.
Very succinctly put – the Balfour document is famous because of what it promised (or purported to promise) the Zionists.
Less well known are slews of promises equally made to Arab leaders. The British were masters at that sort of thing.
Quite frankly WW1 and the Boer War took the “starch” out of their taste for genocide, otherwise it was colonial business “promise everything, deliver nothing, keep ’em at each other’s throats” as usual.
Pax
If you quoted the entire Balfour Declaration, you would have noticed the language that pertained to the indigenous Arab population, the Palestinians, that the homeland was NOT to disturb their lives and well-being.
As we know, the opposite occurred: two thirds of the Palestinians were ethnically cleansed by terrorism and forcible ejection, whereas those Palestinians that remained in the state of Israel became refugees in their own country: they were not permitted to return to their villages and towns. Most of those villages and towns were demolished, whereas the names of others were changed and transformed into Israeli towns.
Actually, the Balfour Declaration did not promise the Zionists anything. It stated merely that it viewed with favour the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine – not a promise, just a “well, we think that’s a nice idea”. Then they went on to say that they would try their best to help out with the project – still not a promise. Then they suggested that all bets were off if the project caused problems for the existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or for Jewish communities in other countries.
There is no promise whatsoever in that document, and some pretty big conditions. That is why I said the Balfour promised nothing at all and did so very conditionally.
And the negotiating history for that document is very revealing in terms of the intentions of the various parties involved in it.
The fact that the Zionists have been able to convince so many people for so many decades that the Balfour Declaration is a promise of a Jewish state in Palestine or anything else for that matter is a real testament to their incredible skill at bullshitting – aka hasbara, aka propaganda.
But much of the land captured in the 1948 should have gone to Palestinians. Instead, the Jews started immediately to colonize it.
Including the massacre of the arab community by the Western Wall, and ethnic cleansing of land that should have been Palestine under Brit’s mandate.
Israel’s economy is hardly a basket case. If the GDP is projected to grow at 0% in 2009, that’s a symptom of the global recession. The Israeli GDP grew at 4.1% in 2008 and 5.4% in 2007. As you noted, tourism and diamond cutting are important contributors to the economy. Software development is important as well. The wave of Russian immigrants was generally regarded as strengthening the Israeli economy; many of the immigrants were highly educated. Israel also exports a lot of agricultural products to Europe. Don’t you get Israeli oranges in Romania?
Actually our oranges mostly come from Turkey.
Pax
Are you in Romania?! One of my very best and most favourite friends is a Romanian lady who lives in Bucharest. I visited her there in 2005, and then dragged her off to Egypt for a couple of weeks. We had a great time. We are hoping she can join me this spring in Syria for a week or so. She has recently bought a home for herself, and I threatened to move in with her if McCain won the election.
I do live in Romania and partly as a legacy from the Communist era, there is a thriving (and very well accepted) Arab community here.
I don’t really know any Arabs here personally but one can find falafel, hummus and other tasty treats due to their presence!
Oh yeah, and you will occasionally see women wearing the hijab and nobody flips out. A T-shirt with Arabic script causes no panic and absolutely NO ONE here is worried in the slightest about terrorism.
It’s kind of nice π
Pax
Maybe I SHOULD consider moving in with Monica!
We ate in a very nice Lebanese restaurant while I was there, but I don’t remember the name. We were joined by a friend of Monica’s who is a psychologist and appears on TV from time to time. VERY nice lady.
Well I live in Romania because obviously, I like it π
There are a lot of Arabs here (relatively speaking) both due to the Communist-era policy of aligning with Arab states (a great deal of students from Arab countries went to university here) as well as due to a strong Turkish involvement (esp in agricultural and manufactured goods) here.
There is a strong Turkish influence on Romanian culture which makes it somewhat “like home” for people of Turkey and the ME – things like coffee brewed with an ibrik (and strong and sweet), halva, backgammon being a commonly played game, etc.
That being said, it isn’t like Romanians generally UNDERSTAND either Islamic or Arab culture. I would wager most Romanians couldn’t tell you the first thing about the Qur’an for instance.
But other than that, Romanians just have none of that intolerance and suspicion. There are a lot of Jordanian second-hand clothes dealers around here for some reason and I hear them yammering away in Arabic all the time on their mobile phones and nobody ever says anything whatsoever of a derogatory or sniping manner.
Compare that with me literally standing in lines at passport control at a major American airport (for citizens only to enter back into the USA) when an announcement overhead calling for a Romanian speaking official to assist was heard.
The lady behind me said in the most sneering tone of voice, “God who speaks THAT?” and I just had to chuckle and couldn’t resist telling her that I speak it fluently as well as several other languages π
Oh but stories of the “Ugly American” are everywhere, that’s nothing new. Probably my favorite one was a column by a major American journalist who was bitching that while on vacation in Italy at a big museum that the bathrooms were not labeled in English. Gosh that cracks me up to this day π
Pax
Well, if I can ever manage the time to visit with Monica there (I really MUST go and see her new home one of these days), then we must meet. You will like Monica, I am sure. Everyone does who meets her. She is very quiet and shy, and deeply honest, smart as can be, and witty, too. For such a shy person she has real charm – an unexpected combination.
This statement is possibly the most euphemistic blurring of the planned ethnic cleansing that the Palestinians were subjected to in 1948 through Plan Dalet. Two thirds of the Palestinian population, 1.2 million residents, were forcibly thrown out, some out of fear of massacre after the people from several villages were just murdered by Israeli terrorist organizations, the best known of which, and not the largest, was Deir Yassin on the outskirts of Jerusalem.
“a LARGE percentage of the local Arab population in Israel proper (i.e. not WB or Gaza) left the country and have NEVER been allowed to return.”
The WB and Gaza was what remained after the 1948 war ended in a truce. Half of the population in those regions were ethnically cleansed refugees from their villages in what was now Israel.
well you’re not alone in hesitation for giving advice to Israelis. Their latest actions, if not outright warcrimes, in Gaza strip heavily discredited them, I just don’t know how Israelis can visit other countries. It will be challenging for them now, even to visit friendly countries like India, where government was issuing condemnations of Israeli action almost on daily basis during this 3-week conflict.
And Israeli action also discredited the West, it will be difficult for Obama administration to overcome such mistrust, even hatred of the West’ foreign policy in the Middle East.
I think it’s time for US administration to start talking with Hamas and Hizbollah and their supporters in Iran and Syria.
Nah! Obama will only talk to Israel plus the two puppet dictators who whole-heartedly supported Israel’s war crimes in Gaza, and brutally suppressed any expression of dissent among their people. He called Mahmoud `Abbas, Israel’s official Palestinian agent, King `Abd Allah (whose Arabic skills are embarrassingly poor, by the way), and Hosni Mubarak, whose regimes have helped out the U.S. by, for example, participating in the extraordinary rendition programs, among other things.
As BooMan insists, no one sees Hamas as legitimate, which means, of course, that the Palestinian people’s own democratic choices are not legitimate unless the United States declares them so. So, let’s have another election in Palestine, shall we? In fact, let’s just make those Palestinians keep having elections until they get it right.