There used to be a character on the Ally McBeal show who would do phenomenally inappropriate and inconsiderate things. When people would call him on his actions, he’d shrug and say, “Bygones,” as if the injured party was harping on the distant past and all should be forgiven. That’s roughly how I feel about DCI Leon Panetta’s column today in the Washington Post. Panetta starts off with a formulaic introduction:
Last month, at a meeting overseas of intelligence service chiefs, one of my counterparts from a major Western ally pulled me aside. Why, he asked, is Washington so consumed with what the CIA did in the past, when the most pressing national security concerns are in the present? It was a very good question. In fact, I’ve become increasingly concerned that the focus on the past, especially in Congress, threatens to distract the CIA from its crucial core missions: intelligence collection, analysis and covert action.
Panetta introduces an anonymous character (the head of MI6, perhaps) to make his argument for him. “Why is Washington so consumed” with the murder, torture, and mistaken (and indefinite) detention of hundreds of people that took place during the Bush Era? It beats me. I haven’t noticed more than the faintest hint of a consuming interest in these matters in Washington, or much anywhere else in this country. But a month ago there was a little fleeting moment of interest when Panetta came clean on Cheney’s assassination squads that had never been divulged to the Congressional intelligence committees or leadership. Since everyone has forgotten about that already, I’m not sure why Panetta wanted to remind us about it. After all, his message is that we should let it all go.
Here’s how Panetta frames his argument.
We need broad agreement between the executive and legislative branches on what our intelligence organizations do and why. For much of our history, we have had that. Over the past eight years, on specific issues — including the detention and interrogation of terrorists — the consensus deteriorated. That contributed to an atmosphere of declining trust, growing frustration and more frequent leaks of properly classified information.
Frankly, I agree with Panetta about this. If the president pursues foreign policies that are based on deceit and do not enjoy broad bipartisan support, the Intelligence Community will very quickly get politicized and crossways of Congress. During the Bush Era, the Intelligence Community was not allowed to brief Congress on much of what they were doing, so many in the Community resorted to leaking classified information to Congress and the press as the only way to prevent even greater disasters and unconstitutional behavior. We don’t want a repeat of that. But Panetta glosses over the difficult history of the CIA. Starting with the Kennedy administration, the CIA has more often than not been forced to operate without a broad agreement between the executive and legislative branches. In the 1970’s, Congress was trying to re-exert some control over the ‘Imperial Presidency’ by exposing and reining in the excesses of the CIA, NSA, and Pentagon. In the 1980’s, Congress was opposed to aiding the Contras and shut off funding for them. Congress knew very little about Charlie Wilson’s War in Afghanistan. Only during the Clinton years did there seem to be a truce between Congress and the CIA, and it didn’t last more than a year and a half into Bush’s term. The truth is, the CIA gets in trouble over and over again because they are asked by presidents to do things that do not have the support of Congress or the American people. Panetta wants to fix this, but it isn’t clear that it is a thing that can be fixed by the CIA’s director. The same problems will arise the next time the CIA is asked to do something that they cannot divulge to the appropriate Congressional designees.
… my agency continues to pay a price for enduring disputes over policies that no longer exist. Those conflicts fuel a climate of suspicion and partisanship on Capitol Hill that our intelligence officers — and our country — would be better off without. My goal as director is to do everything I can to build the kind of dialogue and trust with Congress that is essential to our intelligence mission.
Again, it’s hard to disagree with Panetta. In a real way, we would be better off without mutual suspicion and partisanship in intelligence matters. Reducing those things should be a high priority of any DCI. But, how many CIA officers have been tried for murder or for torture? How many of the people that authorized or covered up murder and torture are still working at the CIA? I remember that a CIA officer was fired for raping someone in Algeria, but I don’t remember anyone answering for murder or torture. If you want to erase the climate of suspicion, put some heads on a platter and stop pretending the Office of Legal Counsel authorized murder and rape and waterboarding people nearly 200 times in a matter of days. As morally decrepit as the OLC lawyers were, they didn’t authorize what was done by the CIA, other intelligence agencies, and contractors. Those memos covered no one, not just because you can’t legalize war crimes, but because the war criminals never abided by their restrictions.
One of the repeated defenses the CIA raises every time someone ask them disclose something that they’ve done wrong is to say that complying with inquiries is a distraction from the job of protecting America. Panetta doesn’t disappoint.
I recognize that there will always be tension in oversight relationships, but there are also shared responsibilities. Those include protecting the classified information that shapes our conversations. Together, the CIA and Congress must find a balance between appropriate oversight and a recognition that the security of the United States depends on a CIA that is totally focused on the job of defending America.
Then Panetta makes the ‘Bygones’ argument.
The time has come for both Democrats and Republicans to take a deep breath and recognize the reality of what happened after Sept. 11, 2001. The question is not the sincerity or the patriotism of those who were dealing with the aftermath of Sept. 11. The country was frightened, and political leaders were trying to respond as best they could. Judgments were made. Some of them were wrong. But that should not taint those public servants who did their duty pursuant to the legal guidance provided. The last election made clear that the public wanted to move in a new direction.
Mistakes were made. Move on.
The idea that these public servants limited themselves to ‘doing their duty pursuant to the legal guidance provided’ is a myth. Dozens of people are dead, and none of the ‘enhanced interrogations’ we’ve learned about were conducted within OLC guidelines. None. Even if they were, many of these interrogations still involved war crimes. But that is a distraction. People were murdered and tortured beyond any degree of ‘interpretation.’ They need to go to prison and so do their superiors.
If Panetta’s pleading hasn’t convinced you yet, perhaps a veiled threat will be more convincing.
Intelligence can be a valuable weapon, but it is not one we should use on each other. As the president has said, this is not a time for retribution.
He doesn’t want to use intelligence as a weapon against you because this isn’t a time for retribution. But…
Panetta concludes:
Having spent 16 years in the House, I know that Congress can get the facts it needs to do its job without undue strife or name-calling. I also know that we can learn lessons from the past without getting stuck there. That is what the American people expect. The CIA is ready to do its part. The nation deserves no less.
I can say, having spent more than 16 years observing Congress and the CIA, that Congress doesn’t have anywhere near the tools they need to conduct oversight of the Intelligence Community. The Bush Era was just the latest proof of that. I talked to Rep. Patrick Murphy of Pennsylvania in early 2008, after he has spent a full year on the House Intelligence Committee. I asked him if he felt like he was getting good briefings. He said that they were told nothing. I believe Panetta when he says he wants to change that, but I don’t believe that letting people get away with murder and torture is a good way to establish trust.
That’s why the people ultimately responsible have to be held accountable. Not the career CIA people who are placed again and again in those impossible situations, but the political people at the top of the food chain who place them there by asking, or more accurately, ordering them to do things that everyone involved knows is at best morally and legally ambiguous and often clearly morally and legally wrong. That’s why we need truly independent investigations of those involved, starting at the top not the bottom. That’s why about half of the Cheney administration needs to stand in the Hague and answer for their crimes. And if the investigations turn up actions by CIA career personnel that are clearly outside the parameters they were given, then maybe — maybe — some of them should face prosecution too. But only if everyone, and I mean everyone, above them in the chain of command is held accountable first.
I’m ok with doing it as a multi-stage process. most important, step 1 eradicate these practices. then steps 2, 3 investigate the past, bring those ordering the practices to justice. I’m in favor of going slow with steps 2 and 3 not because I think they are less important, but because they are so important. I think I’m more pessimistic than other BTers about what we’re going to find. imo if we think we have a backlash against Obama now, think, that’s the crazy fringe; it’s going to be hard for many sane usa citizens to look at what’s under those rocks – and imo Panetta, Obama and Eric Holder are all looking at what’s under those rocks and trying to figure out how to proceed. If it was just about ordering torture that would be one thing, but the people who ordered the torture also did a lot of other things and I’m wary of looking at all of those things until we repair the damage. my 2 cents.
Pardon me? Impossible situations?
Look, if my boss came to me and told me that he wanted me to violate numerous US and international laws, including — to take some recent examples — torturing, raping, and killing prisoners of war, and that I’d lose my job if I didn’t do it, well, you know what? I’d quit the job.
I’d probably also leak the information to the press and be perfectly willing to go to prison over it. But I would definitely — definitely — refuse to do what I was being asked to do.
The implied argument here, or so I suppose, is that failing to follow orders would result in the end of operatives’ careers, damage their family livelihood and so on and so on. The problem with that argument is that if you are willing to surrender the principles of decent, humane, civilized behavior under threat, then all that is necessary to destroy decent, humane civilization is for someone in power to start making threats. Sometimes, a decent, humane person has to take a hit for the sake of the greater good.
Besides which, as rotten as it was, the Bush administration was not the Third Reich. One does not quit the Gestapo or the Mafia, but people quit the CIA all the damn time. Changing jobs in mid-life is indeed hard, in the vague way that anything is hard for middle to upper middle class American professionals, but it doesn’t even begin to approach impossible.
I won’t argue that Bush and his inner circle ought to get off without any punishment. As I’ve said before, I think several of them ought to be executed. But the most any of them could have done alone was to shoot up a restaurant (or a hunting buddy). To carry out wars and to construct a globe-spanning network of gulags required the active cooperation and participation of tens of thousands of people. “I was just following orders,” didn’t work at Nuremburg, and it shouldn’t work in DC.
I’m not excusing anyone. Clearly some CIA operatives broke the law, and some of them need to face a prosecutor. But I absolutely do not want to see a handful of those guys, a few bad apples, get thrown to the wolves while the people giving the illegal orders walk on some bullshit justification about sources and methods or whatever.
Some career people did refuse. Some resigned rather than carry out patently illegal orders. And some of those are starting to speak up. That’s one way we know some of what went on. And some who tried to get the truth out found themselves exposed and at risk, like Valerie Plame.
That’s why I think the investigations and prosecutions need to start at the top, not the bottom. As long as the people at the top can get away with giving the orders, they will continue to put the folks in the trenches in those impossible situations. We’re dealing now with allegations of torture because the people who gave the orders in Iran-Contra mostly kept their jobs and got promotions rather than prosecutions. We got Iran-Contra in part because the people who orchestrated the Bay of Pigs fiasco mostly kept their jobs and got promotions rather than prosecutions. And on and on. And each time, a few grunts take the fall while the people giving the orders get a pass. It needs to be the other way around.
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“Today this honor goes to three men who have played pivotal roles in great events, and whose efforts have made our country more secure and advanced the cause of human liberty.”
George W. Bush (1946- ? )
Obama Restores Credibility To Presidential Medal Of Freedom
"But I will not let myself be reduced to silence."
It is probably naive, but I’d like to propose that we have the kind of government I was told we had as a child. NO agency of the government should torture or kill anyone, unless in time of declared war and then only within the bounds of international treaties on the Laws of War. Hopelessly childish, I suppose, but they said that was what made us different from the Soviet Union and the Third Reich. So, is there now to be no difference besides they are gone and we are still here? My Republican friends say, “Yes, it is the law of the jungle. The enemy follows no code, so neither should we.” I can’t agree. I was raised on the concept of Honor, family and individual.
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Perhaps Panetta chatted with the new leader of MI5 or was it Tony Blair himself?
"But I will not let myself be reduced to silence."
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An excellent read …
(FireDogLake) – Joost Meerloo was a Dutch psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who, having fled German-occupied Holland in 1942, and survived torture by the Gestapo in Belgium, made a name for himself in British and U.S. medical establishments. By the early 1950s, he had undertaken an examination of the supposedly new phenomena of “brainwashing.”
Also posted as a diary.
"He who dictates and formulates the words and phrases we use, he who is master of the press and radio, is master of the mind."
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is brainwashing. I always wondered why it wasn’t necessary to undergo deprogramming when leaving the war theater. Reading the essence of Meerloo‘s work, I would say it to be imperative to avoid PTSD and homeland violence.
"But I will not let myself be reduced to silence."
That was Richard Fish played by Greg Germann you are talking about. I hated Ally McBeal but a girl I was hopelessly in love with during that period loved it and so… meh. It did make me realize that Robert Downey Jr. is a hillarious person.
Yeah, when I wrote this piece I didn’t have any internet access, just the saved article from the Post.
Panetta is trying to pull a Richard Fish.
Wow, BooMan. I’d have hoped you of all people would be able to see past this.
This is only partly true. The CIA has historically done a lot of operations that had no executive approval at any level, beyond some overly general mandate (like, “fight Communism”). The CIA has unilaterally pursued assassination plots, drug dealing, and other nefarious actions never expressly approved by any president.
I agree that Presidents who order CIA people to commit crimes should be held responsible. But the buck doesn’t always go that high, and that’s the one thing the CIA is most afraid of people discovering. They even managed to snow members of the Pike Committee and Church Committee on that point, by withholding the evidence that proved that to be true (as evidenced by documents like the CIA’s own IG report on its Castro plots, where they ask and answer their own question, did the CIA have the President’s authorization to kill Castro, and answered it, No.)
The CIA of the 1960’s is not the same as the CIA after the Colby shakeup. The whole national security apparatus has changed. Tell me anything the CIA has done since 1980 that didn’t have presidential approval in at least broad terms?
Hello! We’ve had an assassination plot going on that Obama knew nothing about. Didn’t you hear what Panetta just told Congress?
I think it’s ridiculous to assume the culture magically changed overnight thanks to the Church Committee. It didn’t. The sane ones were purged and the Team B folks were brought in under George Bush.
It got crazier.
You think it’s a different CIA. I see no evidence of that. I see us still doing crazy ops in Afghanistan in Iran and who knows where else. It just got more secretive.
There are a lot of people in Sweden who think the CIA killed Olaf Palme in the 1980s. We don’t have any released files to go through re that, but it would fit the pattern.
And what about the Iranian hostage crisis? Word on the ground was that Richard Helms was running his own ops. The head of station there was furious because Helms was just doing his own thing – which I’m sure Carter had not approved!
And under Clinton, the CIA was CLEARLY running Basulto in his operation under the guise of the Brothers to the Rescue op. He deliberate provoked the shootdown. He’d been flying over Cuba directly and the transcripts bear that out.
And I can’t give you more examples BECAUSE WE DON’T KNOW. We’ve never investigated.
You can’t seriously believe it’s all different now, when the secrecy that fosters unaccountable activities is exactly the same as before.
I’ve researched the CIA to the present. My research didn’t stop in the 1960s. Whose feeding you that crap?
Btw – until the CIA comes clean on its role in the Kennedy assassination, to some degree it will always be the same agency.
There’s only one way to break with the past – apologize for it.
Oh – and I have yet another example. During the FIRST Gulf War – not the current one, the CIA was covering up the exposure of soldiers to biological weapons. The president wasn’t told; Congress wasn’t told. It took CIA analyst Patrick Eddington to come forward and break his oath of secrecy to blow the whistle on this before this became public knowledge.
And do you seriously think Ronald Reagan asked the CIA to work with drug dealers in Los Angeles to fund the Contra war? They did that on their own.
He asked them to make it happen. He didn’t get into the details.
That’s what I mean by unaccountable actions. The president may ask for something – but he doesn’t control how they get it done, and that’s where the real failures lay.
This is also blatantly untrue:
The CIA was not “forced to operate without a broad agreement” by the Kennedy adminstration, as you imply here. Rather, they CHOSE to oppose Kennedy.
Did you know that after Kennedy shut down operations against Cuba, the CIA tried to spoil a sugar shipment out of Cuba headed for the Soviet Union? CIA operatives wanted to cause a split between Castro and the USSR and thought that would be a good way to do it.
Kennedy got wind of it and immediately alerted the Soviets and the media to embarass the CIA.
In another example of noncompliance, when Bobby Kennedy found out during the Cuban Missile Crisis that Bill Harvey had sent 10 assassination teams into Cuba, he was livid, and called Harvey down to explain. Harvey tried to blame it on the military but Bobby had already gone over it with them.
Bobby demanded the CIA fire Harvey.
Ever compliant, NOT, the CIA instead simply moved him to Rome for a while and then brought him back without informing the Executive.
That may not be the case so much any more, but during Kennedy’s time, he’d ask the CIA to do one thing, and they’d do another.
Kennedy asked them not to overthrow Diem. The CIA and Lodge worked to ensure Diem was removed.
The CIA planted weapons in Venezuela and tried to blame it on Castro. Kennedy didn’t fall for it.
There are numerous examples. I suspect that’s been far more the case in other admistrations than we’ll ever know simply because we don’t have the same amount of data re CIA operations during other administrations. The Republicans on the Church and Pike Committees tried to use anything they could to sully the Kennedys to try to make Nixon look less awful. Sadly, a lot of leftists fell for this crap.
During the Kennedy administration, it is fair to say that the CIA didn’t have support from the Executive for what they were doing. This was not true during Eisenhower’s administration. What I sloppily meant to convey was that the CIA had been at odds with or caught between some element of government ever since JFK took office.
Even Eisenhower nearly came to blows with the CIA when the U2 – WHICH HE HAD NOT AUTHORIZED FOR THAT MISSION – crashed just before his summit with the USSR. Eisenhower was really mad at Allen Dulles for that. The CIA did that against his expressed wishes.
I think you have it backwards. It’s the presidency which has largely deferred to the CIA. All of them are guilty of that. Kennedy got wise to it and tried to stand up, and they took him out. No one had the guts to try that hard afterwards, and only one even had the desire to – Carter.