If you’re a curious sort and you’re reading the story of Joseph in the Book of Genesis, I suppose it’s kind of natural to wonder how he stored all that grain.
For those of you who don’t know the story, Joseph interpreted a dream that the Pharaoh experienced as meaning that there would be seven years of great crops followed by seven years of terrible famine. The Pharaoh accepted his interpretation and put him in charge of preparing for the famine. The way that Joseph prepared was to take a fifth of the corn and grain during the good years and put it in storage. When the famine came, most of the world starved but Egypt was provided for.
Now, if you’re inclined to believe that the story of Joseph is literally true, the patriarch must have needed some really enormous storage facilities and those storage facilities must have been well-protected from the elements to prevent spoilage. That’s why Ben Carson came to the conclusion that there must have been massive edifices created for this purpose and they would have been hermetically sealed.
As he put it, “it would have to be something awfully big if you stop and think about it. And I don’t think it’d just disappear over the course of time to store that much grain…The pyramids were made in a way that they had hermetically sealed compartments. You would need that if you were trying to preserve grain for a long period of time.”
It’s logical in it’s own perverse way. But it’s just an idea that might occur to any curious adolescent. What’s impressive here isn’t so much that Carson has a vivid imagination as that he’s so willing to dismiss the experts: “Now all the archeologists think that [the pyramids] were made for the pharaohs’ graves. But…”
Does Carson really examine why the archeologists believe that the pyramids were erected as tombs for the pharaohs? Does he have any compelling reason to reject their unanimous opinion on this matter other than his own nifty idea for explaining how Joseph stored all that grain?
So, then, what if Carson gets some neat idea to explain how to deal with the Chinese or the Russians or the Iranians or the North Koreans? Will he stick with that idea even if all the experts tell him that he’s nuts?
It’s not that Carson is a very religious man that should concern us. Even his Biblical literalism is only troubling up to a point. The problem is this juvenile way of coming to strong conclusions and the lazy willingness to put his own pet theories ahead of the conclusions of the Scientific Community.
The pyramid theory might seem like a little thing, but it’s not.
It should be disqualifying.
An incurious mind that ignores complexity and takes the path of least resistance to a facile conclusion; where have I encountered this before?
Yes, but daddy now says that Dick and Donald steered sonny boy in the wrong direction.
“He was a good boy, but he fell in with a bad crowd.” — the parents of every criminal ever
Yeah his Grandpa’s old buddies. Reality used to be such a mellow scene.
I’m waiting for Carson to fly on a plane built and operated by amateurs.
built using books published in the 19th century.
Or written in the Iron Age.
Well don’t forget that all of history occurred over less than 10,000 years. So Joseph and the pyramids must have happened at about the same time, given that the kingdom of the Pharaohs couldn’t possibly have existed for more than a couple of hundred years. It’s a lot more compelling if you think about it that way.
Of course archaeologists claim that the periods were constructed over the period c. 2670 BC – 664 BC, but that’s a lie from the pit of hell.
” given that the kingdom of the Pharaohs couldn’t possibly have existed for more than a couple of hundred years. “
a couple of thousand years
Usually three thousand years is given as the time, according to the experts. But in last 20 yrs, there’s been some intriguing evidence — from at least one properly credentialed scientist who’s hard to dismiss — that the Sphinx shows signs of being much older than the 2500 bce date given in the textbooks, possibly going back to 5000 bce. And I think the expert was trying to be sober and conservative in his estimation of the date.
It’s disturbing that such a wide swath of Egyptian history seems to hang on the dating of a single find of pots at Tel el Amarna.
It’s logical in it’s own perverse way. But it’s just an idea that might occur to any curious adolescent.
Except for the ton facts that get in the way of his “theory” (not even a hypothesis but merely a conjecture) and the total absence of a single fact to support it that US adolescents should know. (On the plus side, he doesn’t believe all that new-age “space aliens” built the pyramid garbage, but we’ve yet to hear his “theory” about Stonehenge.)
Space aliens are passe. Now it’s angels.
Weren’t angels a 1990s thing?
20th century is more about “reality.” As in super-heroes, Kardashians, versions of hicks from sticks, etc.
Hard to keep up with these nuts.
Angels – probably more 90s and last decade. And “new age” sounds more like the 70s/80s. I don’t hear the term nearly as much these days.
Possibly bec bookstores are dying out. Or that even New Agers have run away from the term, the way liberals have run away from the term liberal.
Btw, when is the New Age supposed to be upon us?
Sometime in the past — as early as 1,433 or far in the future 3,573. Or maybe 1991; if so, hasn’t lived up to its groovy billing.
I prefer to think it’s when the Moon is in the seventh house, and Jupiter aligns with Mars — then peace will guide the planets and love will steer the stars.
This idea probably did not just occur to Carson, he may have encountered it at this site:
https:/josephandisraelinegypt.wordpress.com/category/grain-silos-2
That link is from this piece at Digby’s:
http://digbysblog.blogspot.com/2015/11/ben-carson-believes-everything-he-hears.html
Yes, it did seem a bit creative for Carson to have come up with it all on his own.
10 bizarre theories about the pyramids that don’t involve aliens.
Hey, AQ and IS, ya’ll ain’t cornered the market on attempts to roll back the world to the 6th century. Ya’ll might even like the calm and slow way Dr. Ben talks. Might remind you of someone.
Ben Carson radio ad. Might be the worst political media ad ever.
When your unique selling proposition is that you’re not-a-politican, does it matter?
In a perverse way Carson is proving the obvious. He has so specialized his career, to the exclusion of all else, that he can’t even get his religion right. Kind of an all eggs in one basket kind of life but doubtful whether he can drive a car or peel a banana.
I consider him an idiot savant.
I consider him an idiot
savant.Everyone is missing what is great about this. It’s not the Carson thinks the pyramids were built to store grain. It’s that he had the courage to stand up to all those scientists who think they were built by aliens. His notions of the scientific consensus must have been taken from that note peer-reviewed journal, the Weekly World News.
Do you know they once claimed that Clinton had sex with a space alien? it was the cover headline.
I nearly choked laughing in the supermarket checkout.
Second thought – maybe I shouldn’t have laughed.
Y’mean…he didn’t!!!???
Why not?
He fucked everything else he could get his hands on, including the U.S. with his trade treaties. Why not add an alien or two to the total?
AG
Just like TPM you’re hiding the lede.
STAND WITH DANIEL JACKSON!!
That’s awesome. Erich von Daniken is the sum total of scientific research into antiquities, I guess. No wonder he rejects science.
Next up: evolution is wrong because scientists believe the Cardiff Giant is our genuine ancestor.
I can’t criticize EVD too much — he went too far, no doubt, in some of his conclusions. But he did get people to think about the whys and hows of such magnificent, and anomalous megalithic structures that seem well beyond the engineering capability of the ancients as we’re asked to consider them. I mean, so much massive building so soon after civilization started. And no giant ancient cranes ever found. Perhaps there are a few missing chapters about when civilization actually emerged and our story about the ancients is in need of major revision. I suspect so.
Meanwhile, EVD wasn’t too crazy — he went to the sites and did his own investigation, more than what Dr Ben can claim. And his conclusion reminds me of what the alien debunker Carl Sagan once allowed — he didn’t think there was evidence for alien visitation in modern times, but he did permit the possibility of visitation in ancient times. Not sure why he said that, but it’s there in print, some 40 years ago.
Its far more likely that ancient peoples built the pyramids all on their how, however.
Should be ‘own know how’
The locals likely did provide the manpower.
There are lots of phenomena for which no clear explanation has yet been given. I can easily come up with a list in my own discipline (earth science).
That doesn’t mean we start invoking extraterrestrials, the vanished civilization of Atlantis, yadda yadda yadda.
Instead we push ahead using an approach that has been spectacularly successful. It’s called the scientific method.
Far too many people have had their critical thinking faculties corrupted, and I don’t just mean Biblical literalists and assorted other wingnuts. I blame, among other things, the legal profession and it’s screwball usage of the word “theory”. To a courtroom lawyer, a “theory” is some idea that he just concocted that he wants to convince a jury is the right explanation, as opposed to the nonsense that the opposing lawyer is hawking.
That’s not a “theory”. That’s “speculation”. A theory leads to testable predictions.
The TPM comments are hilarious!
But seriously, Boo has been writing that he’s crazy, and wow! he is. [and what was his things about submarines to deliver debate questions?]
http://forums.talkingpointsmemo.com/t/discussion-ben-carson-said-egypts-pyramids-were-built-by-bible
s-joseph-for-grain-storage/28582
Brutal over there. Plenty now have to reject the idea of that problems with Dr. Ben’s brain are of recentorigin. My fav:
tried to pick my favorite, impossible, so many gems.
but
I think my brain tried to divide by 0 when I read this article and I almost passed out.:
and a couple about finding pharaoh’s bodies in the pyramids
also love the speculation about the Hoover Dam and the Hopis
Cmon, Boo! Every fundamentalist knows that you had to store the grain in impenetrable and hermetically sealed enclosures to keep the dinosaurs from eating all of it.
He is a nut. But, he’s the GOP Establishment’s Problem.
Actually I’m not convinced by the tomb theory. Too many major problems. Like where are the bodies. But we did find tombs of pharaohs hidden away, not inside pyramids, way down south in the Valley of the Kings.
The how of it is also a puzzler, if we consider some of the massive blocks of stone, weighing many tens of tons, used for the Great Pyramid and how they were moved even an inch.
But the grain silo reason is just absurd as, among other things, it fails utterly to account for some of the major complexities in the GP which would seem to have nothing to do with something as simple as storing grain. Such as the Grand Gallery or the King’s Chamber w/sarcophagus (where no body was ever found).
Egyptologists (like historians) even if unanimous can be wrong. Scratch at the surface and you find many of their bold assertions are based on unproven hypotheses. Just that these assertions stated as fact make a lot more sense than Dr Ben’s.
There are all sorts of entirely plausible scientific explanations which have been demonstrated as to how it is possible to move very large objects, such as the stones of the pyramids.
Moving them horizontally — perhaps. Likely for most of the smaller blocks. But vertically?
The Egyptians were pretty ingenious engineers. There are several likely explanations to be found. The physics of it is not tremendously complicated.
Here
Here
Here
They could have pushed/pulled the blocks up long earthen ramps with fairly small slopes, which were then removed from the site afterwards. Such ramps were used in other locations in later antiquity, by the Romans for example.
More generally, people are smart and, given enough time, are often able to come up with solutions to seemingly insurmountable problems using the materials at hand. The methods are often forgotten over the centuries, and sometimes re-discovered.
“Could have”, might have … Sure. But no one knows for certain. The Egyptians left behind a massive amount of written records, much in hieroglyphs carved into stone. But no clear indication of how those huge pyramids were built.
This is getting close to the Enough Monkeys with Enough Time at the Typewriters argument. Except here the ancient Egyptians didn’t have infinite time, at least according to the mostly accepted account of when civilization started in that region.
Yes, no one knows “for certain” exactly how they were constructed. One could make the argument that there is no such thing as “certainty”. But certainty is not required for a plausible explanation. There are drawings of the time which show, and do lend credence to their using methods which could accomplish such a feat. And it has been demonstrated that manipulating pieces on the scale of the pyramids can be done using the tools and the technology that were available to the Egyptians at that time. I think that’s really all that we can conclude. No extraordinary explanations are required, thought there has been a cottage industry of all sorts of wacky proposals, spanning generations, which have been aired surrounded this topic.
I’m fine with explanations that allow for doubt and uncertainty. And I don’t doubt a good deal of the work done was by brute force using local hire/conscripts/slave labor. Unfortunately most Egyptologists tend to assert things dogmatically and listen only to properly credentialed sources spouting the usual, acceptable minor-variance theories.
From what I’ve read about the field from more independent sources, it’s highly political and careerist. No one is going to advance, or get a grant or clearance to dig, if they espouse unorthodox theories. The rule is conformity of thinking, and it’s enforced severely.
As for “wacky” theories, there’s nothing impossible or illogical about the implied explanation of Sagan mentioned elsewhere (assuming he was positing an explanation for some of the anomalous structures of antiquity). And I don’t consider “wacky” what I would consider an intermediate conjecture, that of some highly advanced human civilization, as yet undiscovered (or undisclosed), that could account for such anomalies.
Ramps. There are other possibilities too (like levers and sand). Really, there’s about a dozen different extremely plausible ways they could have gotten the stones up there. There’s practically a cottage industry of documentaries claiming they “proved” how the Egyptians built, consisting of a gang of men moving a stone of that size. Of course none of these prove that’s how the Egyptians actually did it, because all the other methods are possible too.
Ramps — again, possible with the smaller blocks. But the giants? And note that the massive stones had to be placed precisely well inside and up into the pyramid (Grand Gallery and King’s Chamber to cite two areas). You can’t do precise with ramps.
Reminds me of the rather laughable attempt by the leading American Egyptologist of 15-20 yrs ago, Mark Lehner, as he lead a team trying to prove using wet sand and levers as I recall, how the pyramids were built — Nova PBS from the 1990s. It took them enormous effort, over how many days I don’t recall, just to erect a crude-looking 8-10 foot “pyramid”, or mound of stone blocks. I think the blocks used were probably far less heavy than the average size block in the actual pyramids too.
“This Old Pyramid” as I recall viewing it nearly ended up proving how weak the arguments are in favor of wet sand and brute strength.
Right — you’re going to straighten it out, sitting at your desk, for the rest of us; you’re going to straighten out the “obvious” errors in an entire academic discipline. It doesn’t seem reasonable to you — you smell a rat that everyone else missed.
You don’t even need to familiarize yourself with the massive, existing body of regimented, peer-reviewed scientific work that’s been done over centuries.
It’s a good thing we’ve got people like you around, in human civilization, to keep us from giving too much credence to people who devote their lives to studying these things. Why should we, when a few minutes’ thinking by total amateurs can reveal the fundamental failure of science? (My grandfather was, like you, a crucial figure in human intellectual history; he’s the one who saw through Darwin’s work.)
after you solve the Egypt pyramids problem there’s Machu Picchu, even more likely it was extra-terrestrials since it’s in Latin America, blah blah blah
You can do a lot with levers and an inclined plane. The Romans didn’t have anything more when the built massive seige works at the siege of Masada.
some pyramids contain[ed] bodies and remnents thereof plus utensils, etc
Then there are the texts that say they were for interring bodies, and the texts on the walls
Grave robbers. As long as people have been burying people along with valuable objects, other people have been breaking in to the graves or tombs to steal the valuable objects. Not just in ancient Egypt, but in any culture or location, from ancient to modern times.
The Egyptians resorted to trying to hide the tombs as best they could. In the Valley of the Kings, there was that hidden cache of lots of mummies. The priests, presumably, had apparently gathered up the mummies from violated tombs and hidden them together to prevent further desecration.
The pyramids were not the only tombs in Egypt (as you mention). There were only so many sites you could build pyramids at and building a pyramid could be ruinous to the economy, not to mention the pharoah might die well before the pyramid was completed. I believe the Valley of the Kings was getting very crowded, which happens when you’ve been burying pharoahs for centuries.
Well, here’s the thing. Ben Carson actually tells us he believes these things. He went to medical school, learned to become a brain surgeon, and is said to have had a successful career as such.
So, how does someone set aside his clinical mind just like that and replace it with a mind that is clearly as dull as dishwater? How can he reconcile his knowledge of chemistry and science with the crap he’s saying now? It’s like meeting a Nobel Prize winner and having them talk like a two-year-old.
In any case, he’s dangerous.
anticipation of Carson’s arrival on the scene.
This is the logical consequence of letting things like Creationism go unchallenged. The problem isn’t individuals’ belief in Creationism. Doesn’t hurt me. You don’t see me spending my weekends among the Amish preaching the gospel of John Deere tractors. The problem is encouraging people in the larger society to believe that intellectual endeavors, critical thinking, and diligent inquiry and experimentation over a lifetime are not worth any more than a glib argument based on a few minutes of reading tabloids.
Right now, this country has a whole infrastructure dedicated to the efficient promulgation of bullshit and Carson is one of its most prominent beneficiaries.
The advertising industry has been working for 80 odd years to get the American public to not think critically and just accept what some stranger on TV says.
A quick check of Amazon shows that Vance Packard’s work is still available. The examples in the books will be dated but they are highly recommended.
CNN Ben Carson Fabricated Violent Juvenile Past, CNN Investigation Suggests
To be fair, his “story” was written to sell books and later a movie to fundies. Hardly ever are such bios/memoirs subjected to fact checking. And a made up story about a violent past is not the stuff of political aspirants.
Profbam comment:
“if you stop and think about it…”
Aside from being unintentionally hilarious, Dr. Ben Crazy seems NOT to have “thought about it”. Since he wants the existence of the great pyramids to “prove” (so to speak) a fucking story from fucking Genesis, he is apparently stuck believing that the “grain storage devices” (i.e. pyramids) were constructed over the 7 year period of “good harvests” before the 7 years of bad harvests were to begin (according to Pharoah’s fucking dream, of all things—couldn’t Yaweh have made at least a speaking appearance here?–instead it’s all got to be based on pagan Pharoah & his goddam dreams? Jeebus. but I digress).
So how in hell was even one of these immense grain storage devices constructed in 7 years, Dr Ben? Let alone the whole baker’s dozen of ’em? Even the pipsqueak cathedrals took several decades (per one). But why believe that factiod either, I suppose….elitist “historians”! They don’t have the common sense of a simple brain surgeon!
Finally, why in hell couldn’t the bible have just proclaimed that the God of the Israelites made all of the freaking pyramids over the course of, say, one night? Then Dr Crazy & fellow American Talibaners could at least have some closure! And certainty! O for better ancient editors!
rats… you beat me
Carson didn’t need to “think” about it at all; he learned that Joseph built the pyramids to store grain in a bible study class when he was nine years old.
The Bible would have been much better if god had given the scribes computers and the internet a few thousand years earlier.
This doesn’t make sense, even within the context of the Joseph story. According to the biblical narrative, the Egyptians start storing grain the year of Joseph’s dream, and continued to do so for seven years. They would have needed storehouses right away, and the pyramids took a long time to build.
smaller, temp pyramids the first year, a pilot program
made of papyrus
Of course it should (in fact, within the Reality-Based Community, it is)! (Though it’s not even close to the top of the list of things that should also be disqualifying but, at least within the fever swamp of Teapublican ‘politics’, aren’t: with climate, evolution [and more generally, science] Denialism perching at the very summit of that list.)
It’s no accident that what unites these and the rest of the list is that they are specific examples of the general phenomenon of Reality-Denial (i.e., rejection of empiricism and even the possibility of the existence of objective Reality) in order to cling to unquestioned, undoubted, and often false dogma.
As one of the two major political parties steadily descended into insanity* over the past several decades, I have become increasingly convinced that the fundamental divide that has rendered our public/political discourse — and in turn governance — so dysfunctional isn’t left/right, conservative/liberal-progressive, Dem/Repub, or any other of the usual-suspect dichotomies. Rather it is this Reality-Based/Reality-Denying divide (of course currently the overlap between the latter and rightwing/conservative/Teahadi/Repub has become so large that the Venn diagram approaches becoming just a single circle).
I’ve said it before and will almost certainly say it again at some point: two modern documents together form a sort of Rosetta Stone for interpreting what’s so very broken about our discourse/governance, who broke it, and why:
1. Ron Suskind’s ‘Reality-Based Community’ anecdote (‘the unnamed official speaking to Suskind is widely known to have been none other than . . . Karl Rove’, according to Mark Danner):
2. Gingrich’s 1996 GOPAC memo, where we find ‘liberal’ helpfully sandwiched between ‘intolerant’ and ‘lie’ in Newtie’s list of ‘Contrasting Words’ to ‘[a]pply . . . to the opponent, their record, proposals and their party . . . to define our opponents’. ‘Contrasting’, natch, with Newtie’s equally ‘helpful’ list of ‘Optimistic Positive Governing Words’ for his Rightwingnut acolytes to apply to themselves to ‘define your campaign and your vision of public service.’ Note complete and utter absence of any slightest concern for whether either side of the contrast is even remotely, ya know, TRUE or not.
Thereby enshrining the scorched-earth, all-out-war, who-cares-if-it’s-true politics of character assassination as formally recommended GOP procedures (as proudly carried on by the likes of James O’Creep’s and Hannah Viles assassination of ACORN via fraudulently edited and misrepresented videos and the more recent attempt to do the same to Planned Parenthood by nearly identical means).
*given that a disconnect from Reality is a common symptom of numerous clinical psychological disorders, this hardly even seems hyperbolic anymore
It’s pretty clear that Carson never worked on a farm. Nor thought about the cost-frame you would want grain storage facilities to be in. Nor understood all the other cultures who stored grain before there were fancy concrete 4-stack silos populating ever little railroad town and larger silos elsewhere.
He just doesn’t get that the pyramids are not functional on a whole lot of levels. They’re big. They’re are old. That’s enough.
Looking more and more like a surgical savant.
And the beat goes on:
http://www.alternet.org/media/rupert-murdoch-takes-over-national-geographic-immediately-starts-layin
g-award-winning-staff
An American icon becomes so much pulp—the work of generations, one of the places where kids and adults could go to learn that the pyramids were built as tombs. Maybe Murdoch will now publish Carson’s revelations. Murdoch can do anything he wants with this landmark publication, he owns the name.
Every one of the klowns should be disqualified. What else is new?
Ben has been visiting churches on the days he does his book signings. This what the christian audience must hear to respond to the mailings requesting donations.
“Will he stick with that idea even if all the experts tell him that he’s nuts?”
Yup.
I thought that I had read in history books that the Egyptians had communal grain stores, so did the Sumerians (or was it the Akkadians?). It’s not a great feat in a hot dry climate. Rodents are problem but the Egyptians worshiped cats who probably had a field day in the granary. I know in my Aunt and Uncle’s farm in Michigan, the barn cats were always skulking around the corn crib and I doubt if cats eat dried field corn, but I’ll bet they found something yummy there.
The pyramid idea is plain silly. First off, there isn’t that much room inside. A grain silo is built of mostly empty space, not mostly rock. Also, the archeologists can read the inscriptions and pictographs. Yep, they are graves and monuments.
Has Carson realized that those storage facilities were GOVERNMENT SOCIALIST PROJECTS! A history book that I’ve cited before credits both civilizations as high civilizations because of their public facilities, dams, grain storage, civil service (yes!), standing armies, tax collectors and written tax records.
Maybe Carson thinks the pyramids were rented by corporations for grain storage.
Sumerians, yes, adopted by Assyrians when they took over. Sumerians invented writing to keep track of their stored supplies
Thanks, Errol. I was too lazy to look it up. If I recall correctly they built intricate irrigation canals too.
Not to mention that the Egyptians had an advanced observational Astronomy, although not, of course, astrophysics.
yes, they had a great irrigation system. it’s the combination of irrigation system [hence reliable food supply in that it was managed by a complex social organization], and the writing system that made possible a complex social organization, but they’re all related and development of the one interdependent with development of the others, so all three features of the civilzation developed together in quite a short period of time centuries]. Another of my favorite facts – the same three developed in Egypt of course, a little later; but Egypt was more isolated, off on its own. In mesopotamia many cultures interacting all the time, some neighboring cultures picked up the sumerian/ akkadian syllabic writing system and modified it into an alphabet, i.e. because of the diversity more innovations were forthcoming, in case the sumerians were resting on their laurels of inventiveness. that alphabet topper never happened in Egypt. also fun fact, the sumerians wrote wonderful poetry about the great discoveries they made. they were rightly proud of their acheivements
Connections – The Trigger Effect
Was reminded of this by the discussion. This is where I first learned about this stuff in a way I remembered. Relevant portion starts at 33:07. 🙂
interesting!
I TOL’ y’all!!!
Or I tried to, anyway.
Here.
Of course, Marie3 scolded me for using the term while not being a “clinical psych professional,” but no matter.
I decided to review my diagnosis.
I consulted on the subject with my esteemed colleague, 138 St. Papo.
He said:
I defer to his
wildly…errr, ahhhh, widely…studied diagnosis.Bet on it.
AG
Carson and the rest of the GOP derive what success they’ve achieved from bamboozling stupid people. We all know this. The fact that KY voters love “Knyect” and hate “Obamacare”; the fact that millions believe Obama to be a muslim; ETC. Stupid stupid stupid, BUT … there are even more stupid people who would vote democratic if they even knew the first thing about politics. I maintain that millions of dem-leaning voters don’t realize there are midterms, don’t realize there are two houses of congress and don’t understand or care how ANY of this works. They would be amenable to “voting their pocketbook” but they’re too stupid to grasp the concept.
We need an outreach program to those who don’t vote and those who only vote in presidential elections. But it has to be an approach that appeals to stupid people. Limbaugh works for stupid conservatives, but Maddow or even Schultz doesn’t work for stupid potential progressives. There’s got to be a way to reach these people and get them to understand that their lives would be VASTLY better if they bothered to vote, and vote progressive, and vote in midterms.
Wouldn’t it be great if there were some kind of specialized scientific discipline that would enable you to find out how ancient Egyptians stored their grain for years at a time? You could call it archaeology.
The Guardian Christie and Huckabee excluded from prime-time Republican debate
The Kiddie Table debate format will continue.
Criteria to join the “big boys” is an average of 2.5% in the four most recent national polls. Rand just made it at 2.5%. Kiddie table is said to require a minimum of 1%, but maybe that’s flexible as both Jindal and Santorum are >0 and <1%.
Finally some exclusions. Been waiting forever for that to happen. Overdue.
Trying to express a Christian attitude here, let me just say that I fear for the man’s mental health.