“I think he looks at the world through, his mom, who was a school teacher, and his dad, who was a physicist or something like that.” “He can’t relate to a guy like me. He can’t relate to a guy whose dad worked all his life.” “If we’re gonna call one side bigoted, we probably gotta look at the other side and say the same thing.” – Rick Sanchez.
Never mind the Elders of Zion stuff. He doesn’t quite lay it out plainly, but Rick Sanchez comes pretty close to expressing some of the stupidity behind the reasons our news media are, in Jon Stewart’s words, “hurting America,” and why uneducated Americans are constantly voting against their self-interest.
First, is the residual working-class resentment / sense of superiority against intellectuals: Sanchez’ dad worked; Stewart’s didn’t because he was just a “physicist or something like that.”
Second, there is the assumption that having been raised among educated people has robbed Stewart of the ability to understand people who are not like him.
Finally comes the assumption that there are two and only two sides to everything, and that it is some sort of law of nature that the two sides are exactly equal and opposite.
Together, they form a closed mental system – I will not call it intellectual, because it sorts without evaluating – that provides poor people with the means to oppress themselves and the media with an excuse to keep hurting America.
There is nothing condescending to the credo I was taught that “all work has dignity,” although the frequent obiter dictum, “even ditch-digging,” carries both a warning against class prejudice and an assumption of one. Sanchez is the one carrying the heavy class prejudice here. Funny because, of course, it is only his own education which put him in the chair at CNN where, presumably, he felt he did some work.
Less well-educated people have probably always salved their sense of inferiority by believing that intellectuals may have knowledge, but lack common sense. Think of George Wallace and his remark about “pointy-headed intellectuals who cain’t park a bicycle straight.” But Sanchez and his ilk have transformed this relatively harmless palliative: education is no longer just a sign of possible dearth of common sense, it is now a guarantee of the inability to understand anything.
Anti-intellectualism has become widespread among uneducated people in America, and feeds right-wing foolishness. When Congressman Paul Broun says that “human induced global climate change is one of the greatest hoaxes perpetrated out of the scientific community,” uneducated people nod sagely. ‘Yes’, they say to themselves, ‘those scientists are constantly trying to hoax me, but I’m too smart for them.’
Sanchez and Broun exemplify the result of the commodification and professionalization of education in America. It used to be that a citizen acquired a liberal education – in any subject, whether physics or English literature – in order to learn how to understand anything and everything better, using one particular subject matter. From the ability to reproduce and measure an hypothesis under experimental conditions to analyzing and evaluating the weight of the evidence, we learned good old Anglo-American empiricism. From this ability to think, one could go on to become a better teacher, writer, business manager, administrator or journalist. In other words, education gave you the ability to ask any question and the tools with which to answer it.
Not anymore. Education is to get you a well-paid job, period. Do English lit majors get paid a lot? No? Well, then you’re stupid to study it. How about physicists? Not really? Dummy. And so, as a stupid dummy who went to college, your education actually proves that you understand less than uneducated people. The cold fact is that everyone is just out for themselves, so of course scientists – and for all I know, English lit majors – are always trying to perpetrate hoaxes which will make them rich. It’s just obvious.
Facts have become a matter of belief. ‘Some people believe the world is round, some don’t. So I guess we’ll never know.’ Journalists were always at the low end of the empirical scale: find two independent sources who say it’s so and write it up before the deadline. But now, they have fallen completely off the scale. Sanchez’ belief that, ‘If we’re gonna call one side something, we probably gotta look at the other side and say the same thing,’ expresses a belief and today’s journalistic professional credo, not a fact based in anything beyond faith. He wants to succeed as a journalist. He doesn’t give a damn about keeping citizens informed of their interests in a democratic republic. All that’s cool with his fellow journalists. He just should have left the Jews out of it.
The subject of anti-intellectualism is an interest of mine but I haven’t reached anywhere near the point where I feel comfortable that I understand its cause, so I won’t pretend that I’ve gotten my head around the phenomenon but I do have some interesting tidbits that are suggestive.
Let me segue first. Voting against one’s interests should be distinguished from the blue-collar prejudice that’s typified by the comment about pointy-headed intellectuals. The “What’s the Matter with Kansas” effect is primarily an authoritarian attitude, so people are voting their psychology and its accompanying worldview rather than their self-interest. There’s far more to this subject but I’ll leave it there for the moment.
The book by Richard Hofstadter titled “Anti-intellectualism in American Life” appears to offer some insights on the general subject of anti-intellectualism. I haven’t read it but the following review gives one the flavor.
http://mtprof.msun.edu/Spr2008/weltzrev.html
I like Hofstadter’s “The Paranoid Style in American Politics,” (a short read available online) and I think it also offers some insights on this subject, particularly the ability to project fantastic qualities on the other and the credulity displayed by those partisans who believe conspiracy theories.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Paranoid_Style_in_American_Politics
Another book that seems to offer something on this general subject is Walter Lippmann’s “Public Opinion” (also available for free online). The Almond-Lippmann consensus describes the unformed nature of public opinion, specifically foreign policy, but the idea can be extended to explain more than the ease with which policy leaders are able to foment attitudes towards wars.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Opinion
I need to stop now so I’ll post a little more later.
Thanks for your thoughtful comments. Indeed, there is considerably more to be said about all of the topics I glanced at – anti-intellectualism, working class resentment, voting against one’s self-interest, the commodification of education, and the media’s brainless embrace of an anti-intellectual ethos of formal partisan equality and opposition.
I am afraid that elected Democrats still have not grasped the fact that most American voters live their lives almost entirely outside of politics, and that our appeals need a strong emotional content, even while our policies remain based in reason, because the policies need to actually work. If we care about common folks – and sometimes I wonder if we really do – we need to be bothered to speak to them about their problems and our solutions to them in language which they can quickly grasp. And we need to bear in mind that the media is at best indifferent to their interests and at worst actively hostile to them, while pretending via fakers like Rick Sanchez and Tim Russert to be otherwise, and figure out a way to work around that fact.
I’ve wanted to get back and write something on this topic since I truncated my initial post, but let me address some points in your second paragraph before resuming.
Democrats, for the most part, have never fully taken to the ideas of authorities such as George Lakoff and Drew Westin, and they continue to offer coldly logical policy prescriptions under the mistaken belief that people are entirely or primarily rational. Our cognitive processes can be rational — of course — but we’re also concomitantly operating at an emotional level through mid-brain structures (see The Political Brain by Drew Westin) and we aren’t aware of the reasons for our ‘decisions,’for the most part.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-political-brain
The idea that we operate at an emotional level (too) and that rational self interest is often overridden by ideology seems to elude many Democrats. Partisan politics is an arena in which motivated cognition rules, and the attitudes that people adopt are often less a reflection of how they negotiate the empirical world than a world they’d like to see.
George Lakoff advises that politicians use the VIP method in which Values are discussed initially and then woven into Issues and eventually into Policies. By starting with values, voters’ emotions are being tapped first.
Segueing back to the topic — I had said in the first posting above that anti-intellectualism should be distinguished from voting against one’s interests. I’m not too sure about that now that I’ve looked at the Wikipedia posting on the subject of anti-intellectualism. In my own mind, it’s typical for right-wing authoritarian followers to walk in lockstep with authoritarian leaders. What’s generally missed is that their attitudes are authoritarian and not merely conservative. Anti-intellectualism is a typical fascist attitude but it also can stem from a somewhat malignant form of egalitarianism, which describes attitudes during the French Revolution and in the U.S. around the time of Jackson.
Anti-intellectualism and right-wing ideology have combined in our present situation but the roots began with a Tall Poppy Syndrome type of egalitarianism which was the result of associating British elites with political illegitimacy and effeminacy. There’s both distrust of upper classes as well as a dose of machismo.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tall_poppy_syndrome
Here’s another gem that I’ve never forgotten, the Law of Jante:
The Colonial era distrust of elites (also see Yeomen farmer) had some validity since aristocratic wealth was often not earned but rather inherited, but the current anti-intellectualism appears to be an offshoot of rightwing populism. Ironically, the concept of the Crab Mentality is a prominent motif in the work of Ayn Rand and underlies much of rightwing thought, even though it’s a synonym for Jante and Tall Poppy. Notice that wealth is now legitimated under this belief whereas intellectual accomplishments are de-legitimized.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_mentality
One of the things that first drew me to this subject is the motivated cognition element in rightwing thought that reminds me of previous periods in history when mythic conceptions of reality were preferred to the ugly and harsh truth. These mythopoeic periods such as the old west or depression era were conducive to escaping an uncomfortable reality. An even more pertinent example is 1930s Germany when harsh conditions gave rise to Dolchstoss (stabbed-in-the-back).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolchstoss